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Study on Life Environments and gender in Afghanistan

阿富汗生活环境与性别研究

基本信息

批准号：
16252007
负责人：
MIYASAKA Yasuko
金额：
$ 23.71万
依托单位：
Nara Women's University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We conducted fieldwork four times in Afghanistan and three times in Iran. The research findings are as follows:1. The household structures in Bamyan are classified into there categories: the nuclear family, the joint family and the compound household. The overall system is basically patrilineal and patrilocal. Nuclear families maintain an extended kinship network in the community. The family system is basically patrilinial and patrilocal.2. There are two main social groups in Bamyan, the Hazaras and the Sayyeds, between which there are wide social, economic and cultural disparities.3. Strategies in child education in family differ by both social groups and gender. School attendance rate are lower for The Hazaras than for the Sayyeds, and lower for girls than for boys.4. There is clear gender segregation and role division. Because the infrastructure is not yet developed in Bamyan, there is a great deal of housework for women and children, especially daughters.5. Afghan Refugees in Iran form Afghan communities to minimize discrimination from Iranians.6. Though Afghan refugees in Iran have restricted access to work and education, their living standards are higher than those of Afghanistan.7. The Iranian government has been promoting a repatriation policy for Afghan refugees, while increasing economic supports to Afghans.8. The Iranian government has been restricting the schools for Afghan refugees, so that they are forced to close and move. Since the schools do not get any support, they face difficult problems.9. Afghans' experiences of living in Iran make change their concept of education and gender, so that their return to Afghanistan would affect an improvement of the educational situation in Afghanistan. But for it, it is essentially prerequisite to ensure peace and security, economic independence, and to improve living standards.

我们在阿富汗进行了四次实地考察，在伊朗进行了三次实地考察。研究结果如下： 1．巴米扬的家庭结构分为以下几类：核心家庭、联合家庭和复合家庭。整个制度基本上是父系和父系的。核心家庭在社区中维持着广泛的亲属关系网络。家庭制度基本上是父系和父系。2．巴米扬有哈扎拉族和赛义德族两个主要社会群体，两者之间存在着巨大的社会、经济和文化差异。3．家庭儿童教育策略因社会群体和性别而异。哈扎拉族的入学率低于赛耶德族，女孩的入学率低于男孩。4．有明确的性别隔离和角色划分。由于巴米扬基础设施尚不发达，妇女儿童尤其是女儿的家务劳动量很大。 5．伊朗境内的阿富汗难民组成阿富汗社区，以尽量减少来自伊朗人的歧视。6。尽管伊朗境内的阿富汗难民的工作和教育机会受到限制，但他们的生活水平高于阿富汗7。伊朗政府一直在推动阿富汗难民遣返政策，同时加大对阿富汗人的经济支持。8。伊朗政府一直对阿富汗难民学校进行限制，迫使他们关闭并搬迁。由于学校得不到任何支持，他们面临着困难的问题。 9．阿富汗人在伊朗的生活经历改变了他们的教育观念和性别观念，他们的返回阿富汗将影响阿富汗教育状况的改善。但对于它来说，确保和平与安全、经济独立、提高生活水平是本质上的前提。