Historical iconology of War Gods

本文是从历史图像学的角度对日本近代中前期的武神及其相关图像进行研究。“将军地藏”是神道教和佛教神之间战争的结果而创造的军事神。中世纪的许多军政府和平民在国家和国土观念的背景下信仰幕府地藏，对近代战争和后来民族国家的形成和发展产生了相当大的影响。本研究的目的在于梳理800年来幕府地藏信仰和相关形象的历史变迁。在研究过程中，笔者对日本现存的幕府神社进行了全面的调查和收集，建立了幕府神社的数据库，并与相关史料和文献进行了交叉核对，在此基础上，笔者梳理了800年的历史，包括：（1）幕府神社信仰的起源于13世纪世纪，（2）14世纪信仰的扩张和相关故事的创作;（3）16世纪爱宕公元信仰的传播;（4）幕府神宫作为防火神的扩张;（5）在近代战争中作为军事神的重新认识。并提出了水神信仰是中世纪幕府志藏信仰和军神信仰的基础的新观点。

This is the study into an ikusa-gami(military deity) in the middle and early-modern Japan and the related images from the perspective of historical iconography."Shogun jizo "is a military deity created as a consequence of the war among Shinto and Buddhist deities. Many of military governments and common people in the middle ages believed in shogun jizo in the context of the notions of nation and national land, which had considerable impact on the wars in the modern age and formation and development of nation state later on. The purpose of this study is to figure out the historical changes in the belief in shogun jizo and related images over the period of 800 years. In the course of the study, the author conducted research and collection covering all of the shogun jizos existing throughout Japan, made a database of those shogun jizos and crosschecked them with related historical sources and documents.Based on the above, the author clarified the history of 800 years including(1) origination of the belief in shogun jizo in the 13th century,(2) expansion of the belief and creation of related stories in the 14th century,(3) dissemination of the belief in Atago gongen in the 16th century,(4) expansion of shogun jizo as the god of fire prevention and(5) re-recognition as the military deity in the wars in the modern age, and found the new view that the belief in the god of water underlies the belief in shogun jizo and in the military deity in the medieval age.