Role of reactive oxygen species in infection of fungal and oomycete plant pathogens.

真菌NADPH氧化酶（Nox）调控活性氧（ROS）的合成在病原真菌和共生真菌与寄主植物的相互作用中起着关键作用。在这项研究中，我们分离和研究真菌氮氧化物的新调节剂的功能。通过真菌Nox酶产生ROS需要组装由NoxA、NoxR和RacA组成的多亚基复合物。相互作用分析表明，NoxR与RacA，BemA和Cdc24相互作用，Cdc42与BeinA相互作用。BeinA、Cdc24、NoxR和RacA优先定位于菌丝顶端。这些结果表明，真菌BemA和Cdc24在定位和激活Nox蛋白，以建立真菌菌丝细胞的极性在感染宿主植物的过程中发挥关键作用。

Regulated synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by fungal NADPH oxidases (Nox) plays a key role in interactions of pathogenic and symbiotic fungi with host plants. In this study, we isolated and investigated the function of novel regulator of fungal Nox. Generation of ROS by fungal Nox enzymes requires assembly of a multi-subunit complex composed of NoxA, NoxR, and RacA. Interaction assays showed that NoxR interacts with RacA, BemA and Cdc24, and Cdc42 interacts with BeinA. BeinA, Cdc24, NoxR and RacA preferentially localized to hyphal tips. These results demonstrate that fungal BemA and Cdc24 play a critical role in localizing and activating Nox proteins, in order to establish polarity of fungal hyphal cells during the infection to host plants.