Design and effect of face-to-face interpretation of environmental learning in museum

对于博物馆环境学习来说，在讲解、课程、考察等方面，参展商与观众面对面的讲解是一种重要的交流方式。在本研究中，我们将这种沟通方式称为“恩吉”，并考察其在博物馆中的作用和有效性。从意大利和台湾的一个博物馆以及国内的案例研究来看，面对面的解读“恩济”将是静态展览的补充。在拥有大量标本和展览资料的博物馆里，“恩济”计划并没有经常被采取。部分项目主要与县立博物馆“兵库县自然与人文博物馆”（HYO）合作实施，并对其效果进行了考察。在“兵库的未来法布尔”临时展览中，我们收集了327个标本或照片，并附有参展商本人的肖像。因为这幅肖像，参展的人似乎变成了“表演者”，对展览有了更多的了解，然后展览得到了改进。我们还进行了Tampopo（蒲公英），Katatsumuri（蜗牛）和Miyamaakane（蜻蜓，海蛾）的动植物分布研究项目，包括儿童在内的很多人。宫崎县项目的调查范围还没有超过小学地区，而片武县和淡波浦项目的调查范围则遍布整个城市地区或跨越几个县。较小的项目在参与者之间获得了更长期和更多面对面的交流，然后一些参与者成为宫山园及其环境当地学习的参展商或表演者。他们和博物馆的教育工作者一起，展示了“恩吉”项目，即展览、工作坊、户外活动、节日。这些成果应成功地运用到博物馆的业务中，为HYO工作的进一步方案开发和效果的测量提供依据。

For environmental learning in museum, face-to-face interpretation between exhibitor and audience is an important communication style in the explanation, the course, and the investigation, etc. In this research we call such a communication style "Enji" and we investigated its role and effectiveness in the museum.From a museum in Italy and Taiwan and domestic case research, face-to-face interpretation "Enji" would be complementary to static exhibition. In the museum with a lot of specimen and the exhibition material,"Enji" program had not been often taken. Some programs were executed mainly with prefectural museum,"Museum of nature and human activities, Hyogo"(HYO), and the effect of them was investigated.On the temporary exhibition "future Fabre in Hyogo" we had collected 327 specimen or photographs with the portrait of the exhibitor himself. Because of the portrait, the exhibitor seemed to become "Performer", and learned more about the exhibition, and then the exhibition had been improved. We also carried out animal and plant distributional research project of Tampopo(dandelion), Katatsumuri(snail) and Miyamaakane(dragonfly, Sympetrum pedemontanum) with a lot of people including children. Miyamaakane project had not been spread its area of investigation more than elementary school district while the Katatsumuri and Tampopo spread across the city area or crossing several prefectures. Smaller project obtained more long-term and much face-to-face communication among participants, then several participants had become exhibitors or performers of local learning on Miyamaakane and its environment. As well as educators in the museum, they had presented "Enji" programs, i. e., exhibits, workshop, outdoor activities, festivals.These results should be succeeded to the business in the museum, HYO to work for further program development and the measurement of the effect.