The history of the energy revolution and energy saving activities in Japan

本研究的目的是分析日本能源革命迅猛发展的原因；因此，揭示了以下两个原因。首先，从20世纪20年代开始发展了当时被称为热控制（netsukanri）的节能技术。20世纪50年代，工业部门积极实施热控制，它推动了从国内煤炭转向国外石油的转变，因为重油在热控制方面比煤炭更有利。其次，日本预测能源需求将快速增长，并改善了几个原油进口港口。因此，在20世纪60年代，日本使用了世界上最大级别的油轮，进口的原油比其他任何国家都便宜。

The purpose of this research is to present analyses of the reasons for the rapid and drastic Japanese energy revolution ; therefore the following two reasons are revealed. First, the energy saving technology, which was called heat control (netsukanri) at that time, had developed since the 1920s. Heat control was keenly exercised by industries during the 1950s and it promoted switching from domestic coal to foreign petroleum because heavy oil was more advantageous in heat control than coal. Second, Japan predicted rapid growth of energy demand and improved several ports for crude oil imports. As a result, Japan used the biggest class of tankers in the world and it could import cheaper crude oil than any other country during the 1960s.