Education and Early Career since the 1990s : A Comparative Study

本研究通过对JGSS-2009生命历程调查数据的定量分析，探讨了20世纪90年代中期以来，日本男性和女性的教育与早期职业形成的关系发生了怎样的变化。研究结果如下：从20世纪90年代后期开始，有迹象表明，支持婴儿潮一代的制度陷入僵局。日本女性曾经高度标准化的生活方式在20多岁时已经多样化为多种途径：全职工作、非正式工作和不工作。已婚妻子不工作而未婚妇女工作的趋势加剧。同样明显的是，青年男子的早期职业生涯不稳定。青年男性中非正规就业的比例一直在上升，更多的年轻出生队列中受过大学教育的男性倾向于在大学毕业后的生命历程中经历失业时间。此外，分析社会阶层背景与大学入学机会之间的关系发现，在高等教育机会迅速扩大的20世纪90年代后期之后，父亲的教育程度对大学入学机会的影响更加强烈。这些发现与其他发达国家的生命历程变化相比，表明日本曾经占主导地位的被称为家庭导向的生命历程系统正在“萎缩“，而不是向另一种系统转变。将计划在2012-13年对JGSS-2009生命历程调查的答复者进行小组调查。大约900名受访者同意接受采访。

This study aims to clarify how the relation of education to early career formation has been changing for men and women since the mid-1990s in Japan, based on quantitative analysis of JGSS-2009 Life Course Survey data. The results of study are as follows : From the late 1990s onward, there are indications that the system supporting the Baby Boomer generation was in deadlock. The once highly standardized life course of Japanese women has diversified into multiple paths in the 20s of age : full-time employment, non-regular employment and not working. The tendency has been intensified that married wives are not working while unmarried women are working. It is also evident that early careers of young men have been unstable. The ratio of non-regular employment among young males has been rising and more college-educated men of young birth cohort tend to experience the unemployed time over the life course after graduation of college. In addition, analyzing the relations between social class backgrounds and the chance of going to university reveals that father' education more strongly influences one's chance of having university education after the late 1990s, when opportunities of higher education have been rapidly expanding. These findings, comparing with the life course changes in other advanced countries, suggest that the once dominant system of Japanese life course called as family-oriented has been"shrinking"rather than shifting toward another system. The panel survey following up respondents of JGSS-2009 Life Course survey will be planned in 2012-13. About 900 respondents of that survey agreed to be interviewed.