Actual Status of Children in Developing Countries Seen through Longitudinal Research on School Enrollment and Surrounding Environment for Primary and Later Education

本研究旨在揭示发展中国家儿童个体入学情况，采用纵向数据进行真正的队列分析。在洪都拉斯和印度尼西亚的调查结果显示，社会经济状况和教育政策等因素对儿童入学模式有不同年限的影响。此外，儿童的入学模式分为两类：无留级毕业和短期辍学。然而，随着现在的年龄越来越近，孩子们可以进入法定年龄的学校，毕业后不需要重复和暂时辍学。在玻利维亚，一年级第一年的重复学习经常发生，并导致辍学。在马拉维，似乎有各种特殊的招生模式，而这些模式并没有从横截面数据中观察到。

This study aimed to reveal individual children's enrollment situation in developing countries, and implemented the true cohort analysis with longitudinal data. Findings in Honduras and Indonesia, there are influences on children's enrollment patterns such as socio-economic situation and educational policies depending on years. Also, children's patterns of enrolment fall into two categories: graduation without repetition and dropout after a short period of attendance. However, as the present age is getting closer, children could enter a school with official age and graduate without repetition and temporary dropout. In Bolivia, a repetition in the first grade in the first year often happens and leads to dropout. In Malawi, it is appeared that various peculiar enrollment patterns which are not observed from cross sectional data.