Agricultural Structures and Regional Societies at the End of the Tokugawa Shogunate and Early Meiji Period: A Re-Examination of Ushu Murayama County

本文在分析了现有文献的基础上，本文将德川幕府末期、明治初期山形县村山地区的区域社会变迁与整合过程，作为幕府地方长官与各府县、区域社会阶层之间复杂的对立与协调过程，进行了综合分析，阐明了村山地区作为一个大阶级的存在--大规模佃农和世界改革的著名情境理论中没有涉及的人。我们阐明这些农民不是村会代表，他们在德川幕府末期领导了广泛的佃农纠纷并组织了商品生产。在明治时期，他们支持向山形县提出地区工业发展的大规模富裕农民和合作的中小规模富裕农民。因此，富裕的农业阶级的区域一体化整体上取得了进展。

In this paper, we comprehensively analyzed regional social change and the integration process in the Murayama region of Yamagata Prefecture at the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate and early Meiji period as a process of complicated opposition and coordination between the local governor of the Shogunate and various prefectural and regional social classes.We clarified the existence as a class of large-scale tenant farmers and who were not addressed in the prominent situational theory of world reform. We elucidated that these farmers were not village association representatives, and that they led widespread tenant farming disputes and organized commodity production at the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate. In the Meiji period, they supported large-scale wealthy farmers who proposed regional industry development to Yamagata Prefecture and collaborating small–medium scale wealthy farmers. For this reason, regional integration by the wealthy farming class progressed as a whole.