Reconsideration of the currentJapanese cabinet systemfrom the point of view of constitutional history and comparative constitution.

通过对日本内阁制与英、德内阁制的比较研究，可以指出以下事实并分析日本内阁制的特点和存在的问题。日本首相在管理内阁方面并不被认为比其他成员优越，尽管在组织原则上，首相显然处于比其他国务大臣优越的地位。关于中央部门，人们经常指出，主要问题是对1946年日本宪法第72条的解释：总理只能建议每个部门，而不能做出任何内阁决定。然而，在这一点上，总理的权力与英国首相或德国的坎茨勒并没有什么不同。导致日本政府部门分工主义这一严重问题的原因，可能是首相（或内阁）既没有部门重组的权力，也没有任命高级公务员的权力，而不是缺乏具有法律效力的指导权力。领导管理内阁，作为日本宪法的结构性解释，由于在塑造内阁中的优越地位；“部门的地方主义”不以日本宪法原则为依据。因此，应该重新考虑可能导致“部门主义”的有关部门（重组）组织和高级公务员人事权的规定。

I could point out the following facts and analysis on the characteristics and problemsof Japanese cabinet system as a result of comparative study with British and Germancabinet system.The Japanese Prime Minister has not been considered to be superior to other members in managing the Cabinet, although it is clear that the PM is located insuperior status to other Ministers of State in organization principles. In relation withthe central departments, it has been often pointed out that the main issue is the interpretation of the Article 72 of the Japanese Constitution 1946: the PM can onlysuggest each department without any Cabinet decisions. However, in this point, the PM’s power is not different from the British Prime Minister or German Kanzler. What has caused one of serious problems in the Japanese government, sectionalism ofdepartments, might be that the PM (or the Cabinet) has neither the power ofdepartments reorganisation nor the power of senior civil service appointments, ratherthan lack of the power of direction with legal force.leadership in managing the Cabinet, as the structuralinterpretation of the Japanese Constitution, due to the superior status in shaping the Cabinet; “departments’ sectionalism” shall not be based on the Japanese Constitution principles. Therefore, the rules relating to department (re)organization and personnel power of senior civil service, which might have brought the “departments’ sectionalism” , should be reconsidered.