Mechanism of defensive pessimism and strategic optimism and academic performance

本研究的目的在于编制认知策略量表，考察其信效度，并探讨防御性悲观情绪在认知策略量表中的作用。在研究1中，因子分析显示认知策略量表的20个条目由4个因子组成。在研究2中，结果表明认知策略量表具有较高的信度和效度。在研究3中，反思自己计划的开放性与积极的学习策略相关，积极的学习策略与学业成绩呈正相关。学生对失败结果的反思倾向与恐惧心理呈显著正相关，恐惧心理与消极学习策略和学业成绩呈显著负相关；学生对成功结果的反思倾向与恐惧心理呈显著正相关，恐惧心理对积极学习策略和学业成绩具有显著正相关。

The purposes of this study wer e to develop the Cognitive Str ategy Scale and inves tigate its reliability and validity, and to examine the r ole of the defensive pessimism. I n Study 1, a factor analysis r evealed that the 20 items of the Cognitive Strategy Scale compr ised four factor s. I n Study 2, the r esult suggested that the Cognitive St r ategy Scale had high r eliability and validity. I n Study 3, the pr opensity to r eflect about one’s plans was associated with the positive lear ning str ategies, which was in tur n r elated positively to academic per for mance. The propensity to reflect about one’s failur e outcomes was associated with the students’ fear s, which wer e in tur n r elated negatively to the negative lear ning strategies and academic per for mance, wher eas the propensity to r eflect about one’s success outcomes was associated with the students’ fear s, which had significant positive eff ects on the positive lear ning str ategies and academic per for mance.