Principle and Practice of Direct Employment Policy to Relieve the Unemployed during the Interwar Period: Comparison of Japan with Western Countries

本研究的主题是从历史和国际的角度，厘清日本政府直接雇用失业者的失业救济政策的原则和实践。它通过比较20世纪20年代和30年代的日本与同一时期的西方国家的案例以及第二次世界大战后的日本案例来探讨这个问题。我们的结论是，政策的原则在这些国家几乎是相同的，但是实践，包括公共建设工程雇用人员的程序，在这些国家之间有很大的不同。这些差异的原因可以从这些国家失业问题的社会经济因素中找到。

The subject of this research is to clarify the principle and the practice of Japanese Unemployment Relief Policy to employ the unemployed directly by the government from the historical and international point of view. It approaches the subject by comparing Japanese case of the 1920s and the 1930s with the cases of Western countries during the same period as well as with the Japanese case after World War 2.We conclude that the principle of the policy was almost the same among those countries, but the practice including the procedure to select persons to be hired by the Public Construction Works was significantly different among them. The reasons of such differences can be identified in the socio-economic factors around the unemployment problem in those countries.