Open geospatial data at the intersection of digital commoning, digital humanitarianism, and digital capitalism: Transformations and tensions in OpenStreetMap

该项目位于数字地理学领域，采用科学与技术研究（STS）的方法，研究开放地理空间数据，数字共享和自愿地理信息领域的变革和紧张局势。它分析了商业平台和人道主义行为者日益增长的作用，以及新的社会技术实践的相关引入，如OpenStreetMap（OSM）中的机器学习。OSM在很大程度上依赖于当地社区制图者的自愿参与，这些发展对地理空间数据有重大影响，无论是在内容方面，还是在创建和管理它的实践方面。随着OSM地理空间数据被集成到越来越多的服务中，这些影响与更广泛的服务有关，远远超出了OSM。这使得有必要在数字资本主义和数字人道主义的更大社会经济和社会技术背景下对OSM进行研究。该研究项目从OSM的精神作为一个项目，建立在当地的知识和数字共享的做法，一方面和对远程和extractivist的做法的机构行为者的另一方面的关注之间的紧张关系的前提。OSM社区内的非殖民主义和女权主义者的声音特别表达了这些担忧，并提出了有关映射的力量以及参与，复调和数据主权的组织问题的问题。该研究项目有三个目标：O1数据：分析OSM中地理知识的不断变化的生产和使用。O2参与者：跟踪OSM中不同参与者组之间的交互、交叉和冲突。O3治理：在数字共享、数字人道主义和数字资本主义的交叉点上审视OSM不断变化的治理。这些目标将通过两个互补的案例研究来实现。第一项研究侧重于OSM中主要机构行为者（商业行为者，如Meta和微软、新成立的Overture Maps基金会以及人道主义OSM小组）的战略和政策。特别令人感兴趣的是这些机构参与者和OSM社区的核心参与者之间的关系，冲突和紧张关系。第二个案例研究探讨了地方测绘界与地方一级机构行为者之间的实际互动。它的重点是菲律宾，一个地方社区的地图绘制者互动，交叉，并与数字平台资本主义和人道主义部门的演员和概念斗争的网站。

Situated in digital geography and employing methodologies of Science & Technology Studies (STS), this project examines transformations and tensions in the field of open geospatial data, digital commons, and volunteered geographic information. It analyzes the growing role of com-mercial platforms and humanitarian actors as well as the related introduction of new socio-technical practices such as machine learning in OpenStreetMap (OSM). In the context of OSM that relies heavily on the voluntary engagement of local communities of mappers, these deve-lopments have significant implications for geospatial data, both in terms of content and in terms of the practices of creating and governing it. As OSM geospatial data is integrated into more and more services, these implications are relevant to a broader range of services that extend well beyond OSM. This makes it necessary to situate research on OSM within the larger socio-economic and socio-technical contexts of digital capitalism and digital humanitarianism. The research project starts from the premise that there is a tension between OSM’s ethos as a project that builds on local knowledge and practices of digital commoning on the one hand and the concerns about remote and extractivist practices of institutional actors on the other. These concerns are articulated particularly by decolonial and feminist voices within the OSM community and raise questions about the power of mapping as well as organizational issues of participation, polyphony, and data sovereignty. The research project has three objectives: O1 Data: Analyzing the changing production and use of geographic knowledge in OSM. O2 Actors: Tracing interactions, intersections, and conflicts between the different groups of actors in OSM. O3 Governance: Examining the changing governance of OSM at the intersection between digital commoning, digital humanitarianism, and digital capitalism. These objectives will be addressed through two complementary case studies. The first study focuses on the strategies and policies of major institutional actors in OSM (commercial actors such as Meta and Microsoft, the newly formed Overture Maps Foundation as well as the Humanitarian OSM Team). Of particular interest are the relationships, conflicts, and tensions between these institutional actors and central actors in the OSM community. The second case study explores the practical interactions between local mapping communities and institutional actors at a local level. It focuses on the Philippines, a site where local communities of mappers interact, intersect, and struggle with actors and concepts of digital platform capitalism and the humanitarian sector.