Critical Analysis of the Legislation Regulating Donor Insemination

鉴于对辅助生殖技术(ART)的需求日益增长，日本迫切需要制定监管ART的立法。从优先考虑后代“最大利益”的角度来看，海外司法管辖区取消了配子捐赠者的匿名权，并给予后代知道自己出身的权利，这些司法管辖区正在增加。这项研究以澳大利亚维多利亚州为例，分析了管理艺术，特别是捐赠者人工授精的立法，包括子女获取捐赠者信息的权利，捐赠者获取子女信息的权利，以及单身和女同性恋妇女使用ART的权利。还特别强调了1995年《不孕症治疗法》与2010年1月颁布的《2008年辅助生殖治疗法》之间的区别；对这两项法案指导原则的比较分析表明，如何保护子女、家庭(父母)和捐赠者的权利。

In the light of a growing demand for assisted reproductive technology (ART), legislation regulating ART in Japan is urgently required. Acting from the perspective of prioritizing an offspring’s “best interests,” overseas jurisdictions which have abolished the anonymity of gamete donors and given offspring the right to know their origin are increasing. Focusing on the case of Victoria, Australia, this study analyzeslegislation regulating ART, especially donor insemination, including offspring’s right to access their donor’s information, a donor’s right to access offspring’s information, and single and lesbian women’s right to use ART. Special emphasis is also put on differences between the Infertility Treatment Act 1995 and the Assisted Reproductive Treatment Act 2008, enacted from January 2010; a comparative analysis of the guiding principles of both acts shows how the rights of offspring, family (parents) and donor can be protected.