Competitive advantages of Anglo-Australian mining majors and Japan's demands for natural resources: An analysis based on Porter's 'five forces'

本研究的目的是通过对矿业巨头力拓的历史案例研究，阐明为什么大型矿业公司具有竞争优势。特别是笔者提出了一个假设，即矿业巨头的竞争力的关键是与矿业买家或供应商等同行或竞争对手的合作，并验证了这一假设。作为自然资源的买家，日本企业之所以受到关注，是因为日本在20世纪50年代和60年代是一个事实上的工业化国家。总之，在所有铀、铁矿石、铜和焦炭的情况下，力拓和买家都签订了长期合同，他们支持力拓筹集巨额资金，如银行贷款或债券发行。在20世纪50年代和60年代，由于快速增长的工业化国家对自然资源的强烈需求以及矿业公司开发新矿山的资金需求，与商业同行或竞争对手的合作使采矿业具有竞争力。

The purpose of this research is to clarify why major mining companies have their competitive advantages based on a historical case study on a mining major, Rio Tinto. Particularly I have a hypothesis that a key to competitiveness of mining majors was cooperation with business counterparts or competitors such as buyers or suppliers of mining sites and verify it. As buyers of natural resources Japanese firms are focused on because Japan was a fact industrializing country in the 1950s and 60s. In conclusion,in all cases of uranium, iron ore, copper and cooking coke long term contracts were introduced by Rio Tinto and buyers and they supported Rio Tinto's huge amount of funds raising such as bank loans or bond issues. In the 1950s and 60s, cooperation with business counterparts or competitors made competitiveness of a miming major due to strong demands for natural resources from fast gwoth industrialized countries and demands for funds from mining companies to develop new mines.