Airborne in situ and remote sensing studies on the vertical and areal distribution of microphysical and optical properties of Saharan dust

该提议是撒哈拉矿物粉尘实验（SAMUM）的一部分，该实验旨在研究沙漠粉尘气溶胶的辐射效应。主要研究目标是沙漠沙尘气溶胶在激光雷达气溶胶消光源区域的清晰柱辐射闭合，气溶胶消光来自颗粒大小、形状和组成，老化和混合过程对撒哈拉沙尘远程传输的微物理、光学和辐射特性的影响。以及星载传感器的气溶胶产品与SCIAMACHY和MERIS在ENVISAT上的气溶胶光学厚度和ESSP 3/CALIPSO的激光雷达后向散射剖面的验证。调查使用空气原位和对自由对流层尘埃层的遥感研究。部署的机载平台将配备3波长DIAL，这是该类型的世界领先仪器之一，也是一种广泛的原位气溶胶仪器。将测量气溶胶后向散射剖面、消光系数、用于测量颗粒非球面度的退极化比、直径从0.004µm到100µm的粒径分布、颗粒折射率、混合状态、化学成分和散射相函数。该方案对SAMUM内主要的闭柱试验和沙漠沙尘远程输运试验有重要贡献。这些活动将与ESSP 3/CALIPSO的运作同时进行。

The proposal is part of the joined SAMUM (SAharan Mineral dUst ExperiMent) effort on radiative effects of desert dust aerosols. Main research objectives are a clear-column radiative closure for desert dust aerosol over a source region of aerosol extinction from lidar with aerosol extinction from particle size, shape and composition, the impact of aging and mixing processes during long-range transport on microphysical, optical and radiative properties of Saharan dust, and the validation of aerosol products from spaceborne sensors as aerosol optical thickness from SCIAMACHY and MERIS on ENVISAT and lidar backscatter profiles from ESSP 3/CALIPSO. The investigations use airborne in situ and remote sensing studies of dust layers in the free troposphere. The deployed airborne platform will be equipped with 3-wavelength DIAL, which is ohne of the world leading instruments of that type and an extensive in situ aerosol instrumentation. Aerosol backscatter profiles, extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio as a measure for particle asphericity, particle size distributions from 0.004 µm to 100 µm in diameter, particle refractive index, mixing state, chemical composition, and scattering phase function will be measured. The proposal contributes significantly to the column closure experiment and to the long-range transport experiment on desert dust, which are the major activities within SAMUM. The activities will take place parallel to the operation of ESSP 3/CALIPSO.