Molecular and structural characterization of photoreceptor cells in Lophotrochozoa in order to utilise the photosensitive system as comparative character for inferring metazoan interrelationships. II. Eyes and photoreceptors of Mollusca and Platyhelminthe

我们的项目旨在研究软体动物、栉齿目动物、腕足动物和扁虫的光感受器细胞和眼睛的分子和形态特征，并将它们相互比较，并与环节动物的光敏系统进行比较。因此，我们将识别和探索有用的特征，以解决深孔虫的系统发育，这是一个大的和不确定的海洋无脊椎动物类群的分类单元。我们计划研究视蛋白、光色素、遮光色素、特定转录因子以及构成各种光敏器官（眼、眼和无色素器官）的光受体、色素和支持细胞的超微结构。选择的物种包括腹足类、代表软体动物的多placophorans、代表扁形虫的三头虫和proproates、代表nemerteans的古emerteans和异oneemerteans，以及一个腕足类，以补充我们之前的研究。我们将重点关注不同群体中同源和旁系视蛋白光色素的鉴定，以及不同的视蛋白亚家族如何分布到不同类型的光受体细胞，如纤毛和横纹肌光受体。这将允许识别光感受器和眼睛的进化跨越光线虫的系统发育线。

Our project aims at the combined molecular and morphological characterisation of photophotoreceptor cells and eyes in molluscs, nemerteans, brachiopods and flatworms, to compare these to each other and to photosensitive systems in annelids. We will thus identify and explore useful characters for resolving the phylogeny of the Lophotrochozoa, which is a large and illdefined taxon of marine invertebrate animal groups. We plan to investigate opsin photopigment, shading pigment, specifying transcription factors as well as the ultrastructure of photoreceptor, pigment and support cells that constitute the diverse light-sensitive organs (ocelli, eyes and unpigmented organs). Selected species include gastropods, polyplacophorans representing molluscs, triclades and proseriates representing flatworms, palaeonemerteans and heteronemerteans representing nemerteans, and a brachiopod species, to complement our previous studies. We will focus on the identification of orthologous and paralogous opsin photopigment in the various groups, and how the distinct subfamilies of opsins distribute to the different types of photoreceptor cells, such as cililary and rhabdomeric photoreceptors. This will allow identifying lines of photoreceptor and eye evolution across lophotrochozoan phylogeny.