Internal and external forcing of submarine diatremes: a case study of a Miocene volcanic field in Sicily

以西西里岛伊布莱恩山脉海底火山喷发管道（diatremes）为例，重建火山喷发的内外部强迫的相对作用。系统方法综合了地层学、构造学、古生物学和岩石学/地球化学方法。我们还在广泛的地球动力学背景下解释了岩浆生成与迈西尼亚盐危机之前地表侵位之间的关系。具体问题包括：在岩浆上升、爆发性喷发和火山口形成的多阶段演化过程中，外部（无限供应的海水、碳酸盐岩泥）和内部（CÜ2和富含SCVrich岩浆）的作用力相对影响有多大？火山喷发和岩浆侵位的水深对比如何控制岩浆破碎机制？区域性、火山均衡和/或海平面上升变化或其他短期和/或长期构造过程和事件是否影响或触发了部分融化、极少量岩浆的上升和地表喷发？

The relative roles of internal and external forcing of volcanic eruptions will be reconstructed based on a case study of submarine volcanic explosion pipes (diatremes) in the Iblean Mountains (Sicily). The system approach followed integrates stratigraphic, structural, paleontological and petrological/geochemical methods. We also interpret the diatreme evolution in a broad geodynamic context focusing on the relationship between magma generation and surface emplacement prior to the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Specific questions include: How large was the relative influence of external (unlimited supply of seawater, carbonate mud) and internal (CÜ2 and SCVrich magmas) forcing during the multi-stage evolution of diatremes: magma ascent, explosive eruption and diatreme formation? How did the contrasting water depths of eruptions and diatreme emplacement control magma fragmentation mechanisms? Did regional, volcano-isostatic and/or eustatic sea-level changes or other short-term and/or long-term tectonic processes and events influence or trigger partial melting, rise of extremely low volumes of magma and surface eruptions?