SFB 806: Our Way to Europe: Culture-Environment Interaction and Human Mobility in the Late Quaternary

解剖学上的现代人（AMH）从非洲的摇篮传播到他们的“下沉”之一（中欧）的文化环境背景是CRC 806 （SFB 806）“我们的欧洲之路”自2009年开始以来的重点。利用考古和地球科学的方法，这些项目遵循我们祖先从非洲到欧洲的主要迁徙路线，以重建过去的气候、文化、人口变化和生活条件，以更好地了解我们祖先分散和撤退的推动和拉动因素。与CRC 806的前两个阶段（最后7年）类似，我们项目研究的完整时间框架（MIS 6至MIS 1）因地区而异：在东非，它开始于大约19万年前（MIS 6期间），AMH首次出现在埃塞俄比亚。根据CRC 806以外的不同研究领域的结果，他们在MIS 5至MIS 3的几次“浪潮”中分散到中东（和其他非洲地区），这些“浪潮”并非都成功结束：即我们的祖先在这些新地区的长期统治地位。特别是在中东，他们可能首先受到尼安德特人的阻碍，但在MIS 4到MIS 3期间，当他们设法向前移动到欧洲东南部时，他们又回来了。在我们的西部走廊，MIS 5至MIS 2是相关的时间框架，而在中欧，AMH的传播发生在MIS 3/4至MIS 1期间。支持或阻止这种流动性的主要触发因素是什么？到目前为止，我们有迹象表明，这是一系列在时间和空间上不同的原因共同作用的结果：气候、环境和文化背景以及人口密度。已经讨论过（Stringer 2011: 221），人口增长是古代人类社区建立和保护行为新奇的关键因素之一。这些新的行为策略也应该促使人们最好地适应新地区的新挑战。

The cultural-environmental context of the spread of anatomically modern humans (AMH) from their cradle in Africa to one of their “sinks” (Central Europe) is the focus of the CRC 806 (SFB 806) “Our Way to Europe”, since its start in 2009. With archaeological and geoscientific methods the projects follow the main migration routes of our ancestors out of Africa and into Europe in order to reconstruct past climates, cultures, population changes and living conditions to better understand the push and pull factors of the dispersal and retreat of our ancestors. Similar to the first two phases of the CRC 806 (the last seven years) the complete timeframe (MIS 6 to MIS 1) to be studied in our project differs by region: In East-Africa it started about 190,000 years ago (during MIS 6) with the first appearance of AMH in Ethiopia. Their dispersal into in the Middle East (and to other African regions) followed – based on results from different research fields outside the CRC 806 - during MIS 5 to MIS 3 in several “waves”, which did not all end successfully: i.e with the long-lasting dominance of our ancestors in these new regions. Especially in the Middle East they might have been hampered by Neanderthals first, but came back during MIS 4 to MIS 3 when they managed to move onwards into SE-Europe. At our Western corridor MIS 5 to MIS 2 are relevant time frames while in Central Europe the spread of AMH happened during MIS 3/4 until MIS 1.What were the main triggers supporting or preventing this mobility? So far, we have indications that it was a set of reasons working in concert that certainly differed in time and space: climate, environment and cultural contexts as well as population densities. It has been discussed (Stringer 2011: 221) that population growth is one of the critical factors in building up and conserving behavioural novelties in ancient human communities. These new behavioural strategies should have also pushed people to be best adapted to new challenges in new regions.