Nanopartikels Containing Selective Probes: Interaction Mechanisms of Nanoparticles with Cell Membranes, Intracellular Uptake, and Transport (NANO-SELECT)

进一步发展了对有意制造的可变尺寸、形状和表面功能化纳米颗粒的吸收的协同研究计划。荧光、磁性和放射性探针用于标记纳米颗粒。这用于探测进入细胞、皮肤和整个生物体的摄取途径。这些粒子是由胶体化学定制的，它们的性质是通过标准和非标准的单粒子方法来表征的。粒子界面是一个特别感兴趣的领域，通过物理化学、皮肤病学、肿瘤研究和实验动物科学研究小组的合作和跨学科努力，系统地研究了被摄取到生物介质中引起的表面特性变化。具体地说，胞吞作用是通过细胞生物学和生物化学的方法来研究的。研究了纳米颗粒在皮肤中的渗透以及在肿瘤细胞中的积累。通过各种光谱显微镜方法，包括x射线显微镜，显微放射自显影术，以及荧光和拉曼显微镜，选择性地检测颗粒。联合研究努力旨在为理解纳米颗粒被生物体吸收的机制做出重大贡献，其中研究了细胞模型系统、皮肤、肿瘤细胞和生物体中的颗粒分布。

The research program on concerted studies on the uptake of intentionally-made nanoparticles of variable size, shape, and surface functionalization is further developed. Fluorescence, magnetic, and radioactive probes are used for labeling the nanoparticles. This serves for probing the uptake routes into cells, skin, and the entire organism. The particles are custom-made by colloidal chemistry and their properties are characterized by standard and non-standard single-particle approaches. The particle interface is of specific interest, where changes in surface properties induced by uptake into biological media is systematically investigated in a collaborative and interdisciplinary effort involving research groups from physical chemistry, dermatology, tumor research, and laboratory animal sciences. Specifically, endocytosis into single cells is studied by cell biological and biochemical approaches. The penetration of nanoparticles through skin is studied as well as the accumulation into tumor cells. The particles are selectively detected via various spectromicroscopy approaches including X-ray microscopy, microautoradiography, as well as fluorescence and Raman microscopy. Joint research efforts aim to contribute significantly to the understanding of the mechanisms of nanoparticle uptake into living organisms, where cellular model systems, skin, tumor cells, and particle distributions in organisms are investigated.