Funktionelle Ökologie: Die Auswirkung unterschiedlicher Landnutzungsintensität auf die Diversität chemischer Pflanzenduftstoffe, strukturelle Komplexität der Vegetation und Wirt-Parasitoid Interaktionen

土地利用（LU）可能会影响植物和动物物种多样性，不仅通过减少物种数量，但也在功能的方式。我们预计植被的变化，除了减少高营养级的物种数量，也会影响生物相互作用的功能。从上一个项目阶段的结果表明，LU，植物物种多样性和寄主植物参数是最重要的变量，影响发生的车前lanceolata花序饲养者和他们的寄生蜂研究。而LU强度本身和实验施肥大多表现出负面影响的主机寄生系统，植物物种多样性和宿主植物丰度增加的发生概率的所有相互作用的生物。挥发性化学物质的多样性是特定的情节，与植物物种多样性的探索白蛋白，并影响昆虫的运动模式。我们的目标是继续调查栖息地气味的多样性的影响，并通过实验研究的近端和最终的原因，以前观察到的分布模式的花头虫与LU。我们假设，LU影响物种的发生和生物相互作用的功能：I）LU强度改变，沿着植物物种多样性，植被的化学多样性。二）增加气味多样性功能影响植食性寄生虫的相互作用，减少主机发现成功的寄生虫。三）LU类型（放牧，割草）影响昆虫的发生，通过a）当地的适应寄主植物种群或B）扰乱调查物种的物候。IV）LU强度和实验施肥对花头虫具有负面影响，这是由于a）对宿主植物丰度或B）对植物物种丰富度和可能的植物气味多样性的负面影响。

Land use (LU) may affect plant and animal species diversity not only by reducing species numbers, but also in a functional way. We expect changes in the vegetation, apart from reducing species numbers of higher trophic levels, to also influence the function of biotic interactions. Results from the previous project phase suggest that LU, plant species diversity and host plant parameters are the most important variables to affect the occurrence of the Plantago lanceolata-inflorescence feeders and their parasitoids studied. Whereas LU intensity per se and experimental fertilization mostly showed a negative influence on the host-parasitoid system, plant species diversity and host plant abundance increased the occurrence probability of all interacting organisms. Volatile chemical diversity was plot specific, correlated with plant species diversity in the Exploratory Alb, and affected insect movement patterns. We aim to continue to investigate the influence of diversity of habitat odours and to examine experimentally the proximate and ultimate reasons for the previously observed distribution patterns of the flowerhead insects in relation to LU. We hypothesize that LU influences species occurrence and the function of biotic interactions: I) LU intensity alters, along with plant species diversity, the chemical diversity of the vegetation. II) Increasing odour diversity functionally influences herbivore-parasitoid interactions by reducing the host finding success of the parasitoids. III) LU type (grazing, mowing) influences insect occurrence by a) local adaptation of host plant populations or b) disrupting the phenologies of the species investigated. IV) LU intensity and experimental fertilization have a negative impact on flowerhead insects due to a negative effect a) on host plant abundance or b) on plant species richness and possibly plant odour diversity.