Overexpression of membrane efflux transporters causing multidrug resistance in field isolates of Botrytis cinerea

在法国和德国的葡萄酒种植区，观察到具有多药耐药(MDR)表型的灰霉病菌种群不断增加。我们已经确定了多药耐药菌株中导致外排转运蛋白过度表达的突变。在mdr1株中，转录因子mr1的获得-功能突变导致其激活，从而导致ABC转运蛋白编码基因atrB的过度表达。我们还想研究mrr1依赖的atrB诱导的特异性和机制，并确定mrr1在atrB启动子中的结合位置。利用基于微阵列的转录组分析，我们想要识别所有受MRr1调控的基因。在mdr2株中，已在MFS转运蛋白基因mfsM2中发现了两个由逆转录元件序列引起的启动子重排突变。我们想要证实这样的假设，即mdr2菌株的传播是从两个祖先细胞克隆而来的，其中一个突变已经从法国迁移到德国葡萄酒产区。在草莓领域，我们最近观察到了一种新的、更强的mdr1样表型(称为mdr1*)，我们想要确定潜在的突变(S)。

In French and German wine-growing regions, increasing Botrytis cinerea populations with multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes have been observed. We have identified mutations in MDR strains leading to the overexpression of efflux transporters. In MDR1 strains, gain-offunction mutations in the transcription factor Mrr1 are leading to its activation and thus overexpression of the ABC transporter encoding gene atrB. We also want to investigate the specificity and mechanism of the Mrr1-dependent atrB induction, and to identify the binding site of Mrr1 in the atrB promoter. Using microarray-based transcriptome analyses, we want to identify all Mrr1-regulated genes. In MDR2 strains, two promoter rearrangement mutations caused by retroelement sequences have been identified in the MFS transporter gene mfsM2. We want to confirm the hypothesis that the spread of MDR2 strains has occurred clonally from two ancestor cells, and that one of the mutations have migrated from French into German wine-growing regions. In strawberry fields, we have recently observed a novel and stronger, MDR1-like phenotype (called MDR1*) and we want to identify the underlying mutation(s).