Spatial and temporal effects of anthropogenic carbon on bioerosion

在最近的讨论中，生物系统如何对海洋领域二氧化碳和温度升高做出反应，我们将分析最有效的内生生物侵蚀者——钻孔海绵的作用。几种假说预测海绵驱动的生物侵蚀会随着宿主钙化潜力的减弱而增加。我们将采用综合方法研究全球海洋酸化与气候变化的相互作用。实验将以生物侵蚀海绵作为模式生物进行，因为它们具有独特的特性，非常适合计划中的研究，可以同时评估不同的参数：共生生物侵蚀海绵可能受到气候变化的影响，可以与共生珊瑚礁建造者和非共生生物侵蚀海绵进行比较。人们认为海洋酸化加剧了海绵的化学腐蚀。通过在两种不同气候的海洋环境（北海和热带太平洋）中使用现场站点，结果将提供大尺度的空间变化印象。在以前建立的热带地点进行实地调查将允许进行补充的时间分析和预测（目前为10多年）。采用不同溶解度的实验底物（文石、方解石），我们将添加另一种定性元素。总的来说，这些数据将对生物引起的脱钙的全球趋势提供重要的见解。

In the recent discussion how biotic systems may react to raised CO2 and temperatures in the marine realm, we will analyse the role of the most effective endolithic bioeroders - the boring sponges. Several hypotheses predict an increase of sponge-driven bioerosion along with weakening of the calcification potential of their hosts. In an integrated approach we will study interaction effects of global ocean acidification and climate change. Experiments will be conducted on bioeroding sponges as model organisms, because they have unique properties ideal for the planned research allowing simultaneous evaluation of different parameters: Symbiotic bioeroding sponges are likely to be affected by climate change and can be compared to both symbiotic reef builders and asymbiotic bioeroding sponges. Chemical etching of sponges is thought to be enhanced by ocean acidification. By using field sites in two marine environments in different climates (North Sea, tropical Pacific), results will provide a large-scale impression of spatial variation. A field survey at the previously established tropical site will allow a complementary temporal analysis and prognoses (presently for over 10 years). Employing experimental substrates with different solubility properties (aragonite, calcite), we will add another qualitative element. In total, data will convey critical insights into global trends of biologically caused decalcification.