A Report on the Modernization of Home Economics Education in the United States

虽然日本初中家政课的教学是在1989年的《全国家政标准改革》后正式启动的，但目前的家政学教育仍有许多理论问题需要解决。当前家庭经济学课程向“家政学通识教育”方向发展的关键在于，家政学教育理论的建立是建立在20世纪60年代以来实行的美国模式基础上的。从这一角度出发，本报告阐明了20世纪60年代以来美国家政学教育的现代化进程，并从日本尚未尝试过的课程组织和学时框架两个方面分析了美国家政学项目。从这次考察中，得出了三点对建立日本家政教育理论有用的观点。第一点是，从《青少年指南…》的分析可以看出，家政教育观的变化更多S，一系列旅游指南，自20世纪60年代(1961、1967、1972、1977、1982、1985、1990)以来已根据需要进行了修订。20世纪80年代，美国以科学探究的原则培养“生命科学家”的实验被认为对在通识教育课程中将日本家政学确立为一门独立学科特别有指导意义。其次，考虑1998年12月国家课程标准改革中确立的“综合学习阶段”(下称“综合学习”)与“家政学”学科的关系，美国的范例是不可或缺的。要使这门学科与“综合学习”形成互补关系，并在学校教育中作为一门独立的学科生存下去，就必须按照美国的家政学模式和科学探究的原则对其进行重组。最后一点涉及到“家政学教育课程的构成”和“家庭关系与儿童发展研究”的性质。无论关于这些主题的观点有多多，家政学教育都必须在美国家政学体系的基础上进行审查。较少

Although the teaching of home economics courses to both genders at the lower secondary -school level in Japan officially started after the 1989 National Currirulum Standards Reform, current home economics education still has many theoretical problems to solve. Vital to the development of the current home ecoomics curriculum into "home economics education as general education" is considered to be the establishment of home economics education theory based on the U.S.model practiced since the 1960s. From such a perspective, this report clarifies how U.S.home economics education has been modernized since the 1960s and analyzes its home economics projects from the organization of curriculum and framework of school hours with which Japan has not yet experimented. From this examination are derived three points useful in establishing a Japanese theory of home economics education.The first point is "changes in the views on home economics education, which were shown by the analysis of Teen Guide … More s, a series of guidebooks that has been revised as the occasion demands since the 1960s (1961, 1967, 1972, 1977, 1982, 1985, 1990). The U.S.experiment in the 1980s to foster "life scientists" on the principle of scientific inquiry is deemed especially instructive in establising Japanese home economics as an independent subject in the general-education course curriculum. Secondaly, The U.S.example is indispensable for considering the relation between "Period of Integrated Study" (hereinafter, integrated Study"), which was established in the National Curriculum Standards Reform announced in December 1998, and the subject of "home economics", That is necessary for this subject to cultivate a complementary relation to integrated Study" and survive as an independent subject in school education is to reorganize it based on the U.S.model of home economics and on the principle of scientific inquiry, The last point relates to the very nature of "the composition of home economics education courses" and "study about family relations and child development". However many views on these subjects are conceivable, home economics education will have to be reviewed on the basis of the U.S.home economics system. Less