Dynamic Analysis of Early Bipedal Walking in Developing Human Infant

对婴儿行走的个体发育进行了运动学和运动学研究。这项研究提出了关于行走发展的经验知识，并阐明了人类获得两足行走能力的原因。对39名婴儿(21名男性和18名女性)进行了136次试验，对他们的独立行走进行了运动学测量。对15名婴儿(男10名，女5名)进行纵向测量，直到2岁。独立行走的纵向试验数量为92个，另外还有16个独立行走试验。来自两个测力板、两个录像机和一个三维运动分析系统的数据被同步并记录下运动和力。用超声仪测量小腿肌层厚度。从时间、姿势和脚力三个方面提取1岁婴儿的行走模式。指出了婴儿和成人的模式的不同和相似之处。它们几乎都是本研究中新发现的。其中两个问题概括如下：1)在许多步行参数中，婴儿到成人的发育并不均匀。2)步行经历的持续时间影响着进步性步行的能力。当通过控制年龄进行比较时，独立步态经验较长的婴儿可以更熟练地行走。

The ontogenetical development of human infant walking was kineticafly and kinematically studied. The study proposed empirical knowledge on the development of walking and shed light on the human acquisition of bipedalism.136 trials of 39 infants (21 males and 18 females) until 5 years of age were kinesiologically measured their independent walking. Longitudinal measurements were repeated on 15 infants (10 males and 5 fema1es) until 2 years of age. The number of longitudinal trials was 92 in independent walking and, in addition, 16 dependent walking. Data from two force plates, two VTR cameras, and a three-dimensional movement analyzing system were synchronized and recorded the movement and the force. The thickness of lower limb muscles was measured using the ultrasonic apparatus. Walking patterns of one-year-old infant were extracted on the time, posture, and foot force. Differences and similarities between the patterns in infants and adults were pointed out. Almost all of them are newly discovered in the present study. Two of them are summarized as follows :I) In many of walking parameters the infants do not develop evenly to the adults. Their development is very rapid in the earlier half of the one year of age.2) Duration of walking experience influences the ability of progressed walking. Infants with a longer experience of independent gait can walk more skillfully, when comparisons are made by controlling chronological age.