Assembler-Supplier Relationships in Japan: Past and Present

我们考察了日本在20世纪50年代和60年代汽车工业和电机工业的分包制度是如何发展的。以汽车和电机行业的最终装配制造商为中心，研究了从20世纪50年代到60年代，这种分包制度是如何形成的。我们进行了以下研究：首先，从新的角度重新分析了东京大学社会科学研究所在20世纪50年代进行的关于购买控制的问卷调查（本数据集由我们整理，将向学术界人士公开）。其次，我们收集并分析了公司有关分包合同管理和采购管理的文件。第三，我们采访了当时在总公司和工厂负责采购控制的主要负责人，第四，我们采访了物料控制协会和价值工程协会负责对企业采购控制部门人员进行培训的主要负责人，第五，我们研究了罗伦的结构和功能，通过问卷调查的方法，对企业工会组织的集团公司（包括分包公司）进行了调查，得出了企业采购管理部门制度化与分包制度制度化是相互促进的结论（分包公司的评级制度等）。

We examined how the sub-contract system in automobile industry and electrical machinery industry have developed in the 1950' and 1960' in Japan. Focusing on the final assembly maker of the automobile and electrical machinery industry, we studied how the such sub-contract system, that are observed today, have been formed from the 1950's through the 60's. We conducted the following researches.First, we reanalyzed from a new point of view the questionnaire survey regarding the purchase control that the Institute of Social Science at Tokyo University carried out in the 1950's (this data set, we compiled, will be disclosed to academic people).Second, we collected and analyzed the company documents concerning sub-contract management and purchasing management.Third, we interviewed the key persons in charge of the purchasing control in that time not only in the head office but also at the plant.Fourth, we carried but the interview with the key persons of the Materials Control Association and the Value Engineering Association who were in charge of teaching the staff of the purchasing control department in enterprise.Fifth, we studied the structure and function of the Roren, the federation of enterprise unions organizing group companies including the sub-contract companies using questionnaire survey.We reached the conclusions that institutionalization of the purchase control department in enterprise and the institutionalization of the subcontracting system is in reciprocal relationship (the grading system for sub-contract companies etc.).