Management of Regional Banks under the Financial Crisis-in relation to the history of local development

通过对20世纪20年代金融危机下地区银行管理的分析，我们发现了以下许多重要事实。(1)在1927年的金融危机中，许多大的地区性银行和一些城市银行都因存款外流而不得不改变政策。(2) 1927年银行倒闭的根源是20世纪10年代银行发放的宽松贷款和后来日本银行发放的救济融资。(3)当时的地方银行没有贷款检查部门，他们往往依靠侦探机构来调查客户的信用状况。(4)区域银行的行为受到城市银行活动的强烈影响，尤其是日本西部地区。(5)若尾银行、四十三银行等地方银行因未能向大城市企业提供贷款而破产。(6)票据经纪银行在20世纪10年代的发展在1920年的危机中结束，并将其席位让给了日本央行控制的短期资本公司。(7)新野银行、Hyuga-chuo银行等新合并的银行由于坏账处理不足，很快破产。(8)县核心银行倒闭后，岩手县、宫城县、群马县成立了新银行。(9)救济资金不仅由日本央行提供，而且由日本抵押银行和农业和工业银行提供。

Through the analysis of the management of regional banks under the financial crisis in the 1920s, we found many important facts as follows.(1) In the financial crisis of 1927, many big regional banks had to change their policies because of the outflow of their deposits as well as some urban banks.(2) The origines of the failure of banks in 1927 were loose loans made by them during the 1910s and relief financing made by the Bank of Japan(BOJ) afterwards.(3) The regional banks at that time had no inspection section of loans and they tried to research the credit of customers often depending on detective agencies.(4) The dehavior of the regional banks especially in the Western Japan was strongly affected by the activities of the urban banks.(5) The regional banks such as the Wakao bank or the Fortythree bank went bankrupt by failure in the loans to the enterprises of the big cities.(6) The development of billbroker banks in the 1910s ended in the crises of 1920 and gave up their seats to the short-term capital companies controlled by BOJ.(7) New amalgamated banks such as the Shinano bank and Hyuga-chuo bank went bankrupt soon because of the insufficient disposal of the bad debt.(8) When the core bank in the prefecture failed, the prefectual government of Iwate, Miyagi, Gunma established new bank.(9) The relief finance was made not only by BOJ but also the Hypothec Bank of Japan and the Agriculture and Industry Banks.