Formation mechanism of Asian Monsoon and its variation

本研究基金项目团队的成立是为了推动GEWEX/GAME活动相关的区域实验。GEWEX/GAME是1996 - 2000年5年间为研究亚洲季风（世界上最大的季风）形成机制和预测水资源变化而开展的国际项目。泰国和马来西亚为热带地区，青藏高原和西伯利亚为野外试验区。特别是，1997财政年度的研究是为了完成将于1998年春夏季在热带和青藏高原进行的密集观测的准备工作，以及在寒冷的冬季在冻土带和西伯利亚平原的针叶林进行通量观测。研究结果表明，泰国的季风是由大气和地面相互作用形成的，从日尺度到季节尺度。青藏高原夏季存在强对流引起的局部蒸发水环流。因此，1998年计划进行航空探空观测，以研究边界层的结构。在西伯利亚地区，对多年冻土顶层活动层的融化和冻结过程进行了密集观测，并利用一维模型对其进行了解释。

The project team of this rsearch fund was organized for the promotion of regional experiments relevant to GEWEX/GAME activities. GEWEX/GAME is an international project to clarify the formation mechanism of Asian Monsoon, that is the biggest monsoon of the world, and to forecast the variation of water resources, during five years from 1996 to 2000.Thailand and Malaysia as Tropics, Tibetan Plateau and Siberia are included for field experimental area.Particularly, the studies in 1997 fiscal year were carried out for completing the preparation of the intensive observation to be implemented in the spring to summer season of 1998, in Tropics and Tibetan Plateau, and for flux observation in a cold winter, in Tundra and plain Taiga of Siberia.As research results, a monsoon march from diurnal -to seasonal- scale by the interaction between atmosphere and land surface was clarified in Thailand.In tibetan Plateau, local circulation of evaporated water due to strong convection was detected in summer season. Therefore, aero-sonde observation was planned in 1998, in order to investigate the structure of boundary layer.In Siberia, thawing and freezing processes of active layer in the top horizon of permafrost was intensivery observed and explained by using a one-dimensional model.