Evaluation of HIV Borna disease virus in AIDS dementia

1)HIV-1容易引起突变，因此HIV-1可分为几种亚型。然而，大多数HIV-1的研究都集中在B亚型，主要分布在西方国家和日本。我们从泰国感染者的外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）中分离到两株E亚型HIV-1分离株（分别命名为95 TNIH 022和95 TNIH 047）。此外，我们还可以利用PCR扩增的DNA片段制备它们的全长DNA。两个亚型E的全长序列显示A/E亚型的嵌合体HIV-1，如先前所报道的。质粒p95 tnih 002和p95 tnih 047中的DNA具有感染性。此外，我们发现，有低或没有抗体反应Nef亚型E感染的个人，而约30-40%的亚型B感染的个人诱导抗体Nef，虽然这些抗体只对亚型B，但不对亚型E，Nef蛋白。2）在哥斯达黎加，我们发现，在马和精神分裂症患者的几个案件是阳性的BDV感染。此外，我们发现BDV在中国精神分裂症患者中呈阳性。

1) HIV-1 easily induce mutations and therefore HIV-1 can be classified into several subtypes. However, most of the HIV-1 research has been worked on subtype B which distribute in Western countries and Japan. To understand AIDS pathogenesis, comparative studies among different subtypes of HIV-1 are effective.We have obtained two isolates (named 95TNIH022 and 95TNIH047) of HIV-1 subtype E by the culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from infected Thai carriers. In addition, we could prepare their full-length DNA by using DNA fragment amplified by PCR using total DNAs from the infected PBMCs. Full-length sequences of the two subtype E showed mosaic HIV-1 of subtypes A/E, as reported previously. These DNAs in plasmid (p95TNIH002 and p95tnih047) were found to be infectious. Further, we showed that there were low or no antibody responses to Nef in subtype E-infected individuals, whereas abut 30-40% of the subtype B-infected individuals induced antibodies to Nef, although these antibodies were reactive only against subtype B, but not subtype E, Nef protein.2) In Costa Rica, we found that several cases in horses and patients with schizophrenia were positive for BDV infection. In addition, we found that BDV was positive in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.