Pathways of Social Contingency for Navigating Developmental Landscapes of Risk in ASD: Developmental Progressions and Pivotal Transitions in Infant-Caregiver Vocal Interaction

项目摘要 埃默里ACE五年的研究提供了令人信服的证据，证明了 有自闭症风险的婴儿早期社会参与缺陷和后期言语和语言缺陷 自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）在发声发展的每个阶段，从生命的最初几个月开始。 发声行为的发展过程不仅在婴儿中发现，而且在照顾者中也发现， 婴儿和照顾者的进展都被自闭症打断，这表明检测和 针对ASD中口语交流的干预应基于测量和 在生命早期的二元互动中操纵社会偶然性，照顾母亲， 那个孩子扩展我们的研究，探索这些发现，项目二将确定发展 婴儿和照顾者之间的社会偶然性的进展，发现有效成分， 社会互动的关键机制的发展机会窗口，为早期发声提供了支持 发展和言语和语言的出现，并确定这些在自闭症中的差异 典型的发展。一项新的队列研究，包括150名高危婴儿和100名低危对照，年龄从0岁到30岁。 这将使我们能够分析性别、种族和民族以及社会经济地位的影响。第一 具体目标是确定关键的转变，在发声行为和社会应变，在婴儿和 在生命的前三年照顾者。基于对家庭录音的自动分析 我们以每月一次的时间间隔纵向取样，绘制出发育进程的模式， 婴儿导向和成人导向的声音行为，并确定有显着的时期， 自闭症的典型发展和延迟或偏差的变化。第二个具体目标是 确定机制负责关键的转变，在婴儿和照顾者。通过测量 在婴儿/成人导向的语音在发展中的声学线索和时间模式的差异，我们 识别调节过渡的声音信号的活性成分，并测试是否 婴儿/看护者正在适当地产生/响应信号。第三个具体目标是 评估社会权变和发声行为的发展轨迹的表现， 风险的生物标志物和治疗反应和结果的预测因子。将结果与 项目I-IV，我们测试的假设，早期社会应急措施更有效， 预测ASD风险婴儿的言语和语言结果，而不是早期发声 生产我们预测，针对婴儿和青少年之间的社会偶然性的治疗模式， 看护者在促进语言发展方面比那些以语言为目标的人更有效 仅在婴儿身上的发展。这项研究涉及NIMH战略计划的所有四个目标。

PROJECT SUMMARY Five years of research in the Emory ACE have provided compelling evidence for a causal link between early deficits in social engagement and later deficits in speech and language in infants at risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across every stage of vocal development, beginning in the first months of life. Developmental progressions in vocal behavior are found not only in the infant, but also in the caregiver, and progressions in both infant and caregiver are disrupted by autism, suggesting that detection and intervention targeting spoken communication in ASD should be grounded in measuring and manipulating social contingency in dyadic interactions early in life, attending to the mother as well as the child. Extending our research to explore these findings, Project II will identify developmental progressions in social contingency between infant and caregiver, discover active ingredients and developmental windows of opportunity for key mechanisms of social interaction that scaffold early vocal development and the emergence of speech and language, and determine how these differ in autism and typical development. A new cohort of 150 high-risk infants and 100 low-risk controls from 0 to 30 months will allow us to analyze effects of sex, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The first specific aim is to identify pivotal transitions in vocal behavior and social contingency in both infant and caregiver over the first three years of life. Based on automated analysis of home audio recordings sampled longitudinally at monthly intervals, we map out developmental progressions in patterns of infant-directed and adult-directed vocal behavior, and identify periods where there are significant changes in typical development and delays or deviations in autism. The second specific aim is to identify mechanisms responsible for pivotal transitions, in infant and caregiver. By measuring differences in acoustic cues and timing patterns in infant/adult-directed speech over development, we identify active ingredients of vocal signaling that mediate transitions, and test whether infants/caregivers are producing/responding to signals appropriately. The third specific aim is to evaluate the performance of developmental trajectories of social contingency and vocal behavior as biomarkers of risk and predictors of treatment response and outcome. Combining results across Projects I-IV, we test the hypothesis that measures of early social contingency are more effective at predicting speech and language outcome in infants at risk of ASD than measures of early vocal production. We predict that treatment paradigms targeting social contingency between infant and caregiver are more effective at promoting speech development than those that target speech development in the infant alone. This research addresses all four aims of the NIMH Strategic Plan.