Nitrogen efficient plants for climate smart arable cropping systems (NCS)

英国加工商和种植者研究组织将领导这一雄心勃勃的国家研究计划，与200个英国农场和18个合作伙伴一起设计一种环境变革、经济可持续的可耕作轮作系统，以优化作物轮作以实现气候效益。英国农业占英国温室气体排放总量的10%(46.3公吨)，占英国一氧化二氮排放总量的68%，甲烷排放总量的47%和二氧化碳总量的1.7%。可耕种作物对这些数字的贡献很大，每年使用596,496T氮肥。现有的排放量估计是针对单个作物的，这些影响在连续轮作中仍然没有量化。这个项目将调查三个机会差距：(I)用豆类和豆类轮作取代20%的全国谷物作物，以建立净零耕作路径，(Ii)在30%的国家牲畜饲料中用豆类取代饲料谷物(目前占英国谷物市场的70%)的营养和财务可行性，以及(Iii)为这一额外产量创造一个市场。拟议的系统产出将有助于实现英国净零目标，潜在总排放量为英国农业最大潜在2.8公吨的150万吨二氧化碳/年(Defra Agi Climate Report，*通过在英国农场将豆类和豆类种植面积增加到20%(100万公顷)的轮换最佳种植面积，减少23.3万吨氮肥和0.55MT(CO2e)--全国减少1.2%。*在动物饲料替代中使用后续产品(取代50%的进口豆粕)，进一步减少0.7MT CO2e。*向后续作物提供剩余N效益，导致额外0.25MT CO2e(0.5%)。*为全国农业节省1.032亿GB/a的成本通过在英国种植者中分别消除20%的氮肥和从英国农业供应链进口180万吨大豆。*一个政策工具，导致采用更多适合农业企业的措施和成本效益解决方案来减少农业温室气体排放“(来源：Defra农业-气候报告，2021年10月)。*一组农民和种植者案例研究，可用于教育和告知全国农业社区研究解决方案的环境和经济利益。我们为农民/种植者提出一个技术和经济上可获得的系统，以实现100%采用国家弹性和可持续的粮食系统。第二个好处将是减少与国内每年替代180万吨大豆进口相关的碳足迹。

The UK Processors and Growers Research Organisation will lead this ambitious national research programme with 200 UK farms and 18 partners to design an environmentally transformative, economically sustainable arable rotation system to optimise crop rotations for climate benefit.UK farming accounts for 10% of the UK's total GHG emissions p/a (46.3 MT), 68% of total UK nitrous oxide emissions, 47% of total methane emissions and 1.7% of total CO2\. Arable cropping significantly contributes to these figures, utilising 596,496T of Nitrogen fertiliser p/a. Existing emission estimates are for individual crops, and the impact of these in successive rotational cropping remains unquantified.This project will investigate three opportunity gaps: (i) replacement of 20% of national grain crops with pulses and legumes rotations to establish a net zero farming pathway, (ii) the nutritional and financial feasibility of replacing feed grains (currently representing 70% of the UK grain market) with legumes in 30% national livestock feed and (iii) create a market for this additional yield.The proposed system outputs would contribute to UK Net Zero goals with a total potential reduction of 1.5MT CO2e p/a of the maximum potential 2.8MT for UK agriculture (Defra Agri Climate Report, 2021) in the following ways.* Removal of 233,000T of nitrogen fertiliser and 0.55MT (CO2e) - a 1.2% national reduction - by increasing pulse and legume cropping areas to the rotational optimum of 20% (1M Ha) across UK farms.* Use of subsequent produce in animal feed substitution (replacing 50% of imported soya meal) delivering a further 0.7MT CO2e reduction.* Delivery of a residual N benefit to following crops, leading to an additional 0.25MT CO2e (0.5%).* Delivering a national cost saving to farming of £1032M p/a, by removing 20% of N fertiliser across UK growers and 1.8MT soya imports respectively from the UK farming supply chain.* A policy tool that leads to the adoption of more measures and cost-effective solutions for reducing agricultural GHGs that fit with the farm business' (source: Defra Agri-Climate Report, October 2021).* A set of farmer and grower case studies that can be used to educate and inform the national farming community of the environmental and financial benefits of the research solution.We propose a technologically and financially accessible system for farmers/growers to achieve 100% uptake of a nationally resilient and sustainable food system. Secondary benefits will be the reduction of carbon footprint associated with the domestic replacement of 1.8MT of soya imports p/a.