Novel Genetically Encoded Indicators for Interrogating Neuron-Astrocyte Communication Across Timescales

项目概要：项目4 -询问神经元-星形胶质细胞的新型遗传编码指标 跨时间尺度的沟通 星形胶质细胞是大脑中最丰富的细胞类型，长期以来一直被认为是主要的被动支持细胞。 实验室的大量证据表明，星形胶质细胞-突触表现出动态和双向的 局部突触传递和神经调节能够塑造星形胶质细胞活性 和PAP结构可塑性，以及星形胶质细胞塑造突触形成和调节可塑性和信号传导 通过分泌因子和粘附分子。这些在理解星形胶质细胞生物学方面的重要进展， 体内主要是由于最近应用的现代技术，最初设计用于研究神经元， 直接操纵和询问星形胶质细胞。虽然星形胶质细胞的概念是完整的， 神经回路的调节成分正在出现，对因果关系和相关性的机械理解 星形胶质细胞在操作神经回路中的作用和对复杂行为的贡献仍然缺乏， 必要性，并推动改进工具的发展。因此，大规模的蛋白质工程努力， 开发一个改进的工具，以解决未解决的问题，以实现因果关系的机械理解， 提出了星形胶质细胞在神经元回路功能和对行为的贡献中的相关作用。 提供的物品包括： 1.一组优化的红移谷氨酸、GABA、DA和NE传感器， 2.一组绿色和红移突触谷氨酸/GABA传感器，用于探测神经元-星形胶质细胞连接 和细胞外NT瞬变在三方突触，和 3.星形胶质细胞中PKA和钙之间询问串扰以及优化的绿色和红移 用于体内应用的激酶传感器。 这些新的传感器将被应用于研究1）如何驱动复杂模式的经验依赖性变化 神经递质或神经调节信号导致星形胶质细胞活性的变化，以及2）如何 星形胶质细胞通过不同时间尺度的结构可塑性调节突触活性。出资额时 重要的是，这些改进的工具将允许在星形胶质细胞生物学中测试新的假设。这 工具集将提供所需的工具，以促进这里提出的实验，并为该领域提供丰富的资源 全面展开对复杂行为和认知背后的星形胶质细胞-神经元相互作用的研究 通过目前现有的方法无法访问的过程。

Project Summary: Project 4 - Novel Genetically Encoded Indicators for Interrogating Neuron-Astrocyte Communication Across Timescales Astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the brain, have long thought to be primarily passive support cells. Considerable evidence from the labs has shown that astrocyte-synapse displays a dynamic and bi-directional relationship, with local synaptic transmission and neuromodulation being capable of shaping astrocytic activity and PAP structural plasticity, and astrocyte shaping synapse formation and modulating plasticity and signaling via secreted factors and adhesion molecules. These critical advances in understanding astrocyte biology in vivo are primarily due to recent applications of modern techniques initially designed for studying neurons to direct manipulation and interrogation of astrocytes. Though the concept of astrocytes as integral and modulatory components of neural circuit is emerging, a mechanistic understanding of causative and correlative roles of astrocytes in operating neural circuit and contribution to the complex behaviors is still lacking, which necessities and drives the development of improved tools. Thus, a large-scale protein engineering effort to develop an improved tool to address unsolved questions to achieve a mechanistic understanding of causal and correlative roles of astrocyte in neuronal circuit function and contributions to behavior is being proposed. Provided items include: 1. a set of optimized red-shifted glutamate, GABA, DA, and NE sensors, 2. a set of green and red-shifted synaptic glutamate/GABA sensors to probe neuron-astrocyte connectivity and extracellular NT transients at tripartite synapses, and 3. interrogate cross-talk between PKA and calcium in astrocytes and optimized green and red-shifted kinases sensors for in vivo applications. These new sensors will be applied to study 1) how experience-dependent changes that drive complex patterns of neurotransmitter or neuromodulatory signaling lead to the changes in astrocytic activity and 2) how astrocytes modulate synaptic activity via structural plasticity across various temporal scales. The contribution is significant because these improved tools will permit new hypotheses being tested in astrocyte biology. This toolset will provide needed tools to facilitate experiments proposed here and provide a rich resource to the field to bring full swing the investigation of astrocyte-neuron interaction underlying complex behavioral and cognitive processes that are inaccessible via currently existing approaches.