Mortality from Chronic Illnesses in Poultry and Non-Poultry Workers - Resubmission

项目摘要/摘要 家禽屠宰和加工厂的工人是人类接触许多微生物最多的工人之一。 以及可引起鸡疾病的化学物质(例如，禽白血病/肉瘤和网状内皮组织增多症 可导致癌症的病毒；可导致动脉粥样硬化的马立克氏病病毒)。这些家禽 可传播的物质可以感染人类，并可能增加患癌症和非恶性疾病的风险。家禽 工人还暴露在许多化学品中--例如多环芳烃(PAH)、苯和 邻苯二甲酸盐--它可能在这些工人的慢性病发生中发挥作用。 多年来，我们一直在研究这些工人的死亡率，发现他们患心脏病的风险增加。 非恶性(如心血管疾病、糖尿病)、神经系统疾病和恶性慢性病。这些风险是 根据少量的死因。2011年，我们进行了一项嵌套在队列中的大型病例队列研究 从联合食品和商业联合会的花名册中确定的30,411名家禽工人和16,405名非家禽工人 马里兰州巴尔的摩和密苏里州马歇尔的工人工会(UFCW)和UFCW芝加哥工会养老基金。这个 巴尔的摩的队列从1950年到2010年进行了跟踪，马歇尔的队列从1969年到2010年进行了跟踪， 从1972年到2010年的芝加哥队列。在这些期间，共有12,638人死于各种原因。 由46,816名家禽和非家禽工人组成的联合组。病例队列研究中的病例被定义为所有死亡 从7个癌症部位(肺、肝、胰腺、脑、血液、口腔和卵巢)观察到在家禽中过度发生。 工人们将一直工作到2010年。在2019年，我们获得了资金，用于研究在家禽养殖场工作与颈部工作的相关性， 食道癌、结肠癌。为了确定我们三个队列中的新死亡人数，我们从 国家死亡指数显示，我们可以在12638人的基础上增加4164人的死亡人数，使新的死亡总数达到 16802人死亡。在拟议的研究中，我们的预期产出和结果是添加新的具体原因 发生在这些队列中的死亡率，以证实先前的发现，并以更大的统计能力检验 家禽和非家禽工作场所与恶性和非恶性疾病死因的关系。 这些风险的展示将导致采取措施，不仅保护这些 工人，也是普通民众。这将有助于NIOSH实现减少 职业性癌症、心血管疾病、不良生殖结局和其他慢性病。这个 拟议的研究属于#年国家职业研究议程(NORA)部门议程 制造业和癌症、生殖、心血管及其他慢性疾病跨部门议程 疾病预防(CRC)。拟议的研究还有助于NIOSH从研究到实践(R2P) 倡议，作为确定职业安全和健康问题和需求的合作伙伴；以及 展示了这些努力对改善工人安全和健康的影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Workers in poultry-slaughtering and -processing plants have one of the highest human exposures to many microbial and chemical agents that can cause diseases in chickens (e.g., avian leukosis/sarcoma and reticuloendothelosis viruses, which can cause cancer; Mareks's disease virus, which can cause atherosclerosis). These poultry transmissible agents can infect humans and might increase the risks for cancer and nonmalignant diseases. Poultry workers are also exposed to many chemicals—e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), benzene, and phthalates—which may play a role in the occurrence of chronic diseases in these workers. We have been studying mortality among these workers for many years, and have found they have an elevated risk for non-malignant (e.g. cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus), neurological, and malignant chronic diseases. These risks were based on small numbers of causes of death. In 2011, we conducted a large case- cohort study nested within a cohort of 30,411 poultry workers and 16,405 non- poultry workers identified from rosters of the United Food & Commercial Workers (UFCW) unions in Baltimore, MD and Marshall, MO, and the UFCW Chicago Union Pension Fund. The Baltimore cohort has been followed up from 1950 through 2010, the Marshall cohort from 1969 through 2010, and the Chicago cohort from 1972 through 2010. During these periods, a total of 12,638 deaths from all causes occurred in the combined group of 46,816 poultry and non-poultry workers. Cases in the case-cohort study were defined as all deaths from 7 cancer sites (lung, liver, pancreas, brain, blood, buccal, and ovary) observed to occur in excess in the poultry workers through 2010. In 2019, we secured funding to study the correlation of working for poultry plants and cervical, esophageal, and colon cancers. To identify new deaths in our three cohorts we obtained mortality files from the National Death Index, which revealed that we can add 4,164 new deaths to 12,638 deaths, bringing the new total to 16,802 deaths. In the proposed study, our expected outputs and outcomes are to add the new cause-specific mortalities that occurred in these cohorts to confirm previous findings, and examine with greater statistical power the relation of poultry and non-poultry workplaces with causes of death from malignant and non-malignant diseases. Demonstration of these risks will lead to steps being taken to implement measures to protect not only these workers, but also the general population. This will contribute to the NIOSH strategic goal to reduce occupational cancer, cardiovascular disease, adverse reproductive outcomes, and other chronic diseases. The proposed research falls under the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) Sector Agenda for Manufacturing, and Cross-Sector Agenda for Cancer, Reproductive, Cardiovascular and Other Chronic Disease Prevention (CRC). The proposed research also contributes to the NIOSH Research to Practice (r2p) initiative by serving as a partner in identifying occupational safety and health issues and needs, and demonstrating the impact of these efforts on improving the safety and health of workers.