Berghia BRAIN project

项目摘要/摘要--总体 贝吉亚大脑项目是一个多机构合作的项目，旨在研究关于如何 大脑电路与分布式网络相互作用。人们越来越意识到外围设备的重要性 网络对人类健康的影响，但很难研究这种分布式网络如何在细胞水平上与 哺乳动物的大脑。这个项目的重点是裸枝软体动物，Berghia stephanieae，因为它为 一个挑战神经科学基本概念的独特机会。该项目考察了动态， 与机械感觉、嗅觉、 和远见。该项目解决了神经科学中对系统发育多样性的迫切需求，通过开发 使伯吉亚成为神经科学实验室物种的遗传工具和协议。伯吉亚有一个 小脑，成人的神经元不到5000个，青少年的神经元数量是这个数字的十分之一。了解 神经发生对功能网络的影响对人类记忆回路也有影响，人类记忆回路也获得了 神经元。此外，Berghia的每个嗅觉(鼻孔)神经节和未知的神经节中都有9000多个神经元 在动物身上形成表皮下神经网的神经元的数量。该项目将创造一个多- 特征，多尺度的神经元图谱，将以成人大脑和整个身体的连接为特色 从电子显微照片的连续重建中获得的幼鱼。这些连接点将与 神经元基因表达的荧光图像和免疫组织化学。该项目将测试以下解决方案 自动分割图像并快速创建接线图。神经元将通过细胞- 谱系追踪，以确定已识别的神经元的起源和其他神经元的类别。单项分析 神经元RNA测序将为电路和神经身份提供新的见解。扩张显微镜将会 允许对外周神经元进行丰富的统计。外周网络和大脑中的神经元的活动将是 用电压和钙敏感染料和基因编码传感器光学记录以成像 对机械、嗅觉和视觉刺激作出反应的信息流。该项目将检验标准假说 与这些系统如何在非标准有机体中工作有关，目的是确定 典型的概念，如身体的体视标测，嗅觉系统的肾小球组织，以及 愿景的模块化组织。

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT - Overall The Berghia Brain Project is a multi-institution collaborative project to examine fundamental issues about how brain circuits interact with distributed networks. There is a growing awareness of the importance of peripheral networks to human health, but it is difficult to study how such distributed networks interact at a cellular level with the brain in mammals. This project focuses on the nudibranch mollusc, Berghia stephanieae because it provides a unique opportunity to challenge fundamental concepts in neuroscience. The project examines the dynamics, network structure, algorithms, and neural implementation of behaviors related to mechanosensation, olfaction, and vision. The project addresses the critical need for phylogenetic diversity in neuroscience by developing genetic tools and protocols to make Berghia an accessible laboratory species for neuroscience. Berghia has a small brain with fewer than 5000 neurons in the adult and one tenth that number in juveniles. Understanding the impact of neurogenesis on functioning networks has implications for human memory circuits, which also gain neurons. In addition, Berghia has over 9000 neurons in each of its olfactory (rhinophore) ganglia and untold numbers of neurons that form a sub-epidermal nerve net on the animal’s body. The project will create a multi- feature, multi-scale atlas of neurons, which will feature connectomes of the adult brain and the whole body of a juvenile obtained from serial reconstruction of electron micrographs. These connectomes will be aligned with fluorescence images of neuronal gene expression and immunohistochemistry. The project will test solutions to automatically segment images and rapidly create wiring diagrams. Neurons will be further identified through cell- lineage tracing to determine the origins of identified neurons and classes of other neurons. Analysis of single neuron RNA sequencing will provide new insights into circuitry and neural identity. Expansion microscopy will allow a rich accounting of peripheral neurons. The activity of neurons in the peripheral net and the brain will be optically recorded with voltage- and calcium-sensitive dyes and genetically-encoded sensors to image information flow in response to mechanical, olfactory, and visual stimuli. The project will test standard hypotheses related to how these systems work in a non-standard organism with the goal of determining the generality of canonical concepts such as somatotopic mapping of the body, glomerular organization of olfactory systems, and modular organization of vision.