Social networks, neighborhood food environments, diet, and obesity risk in low-income adults

项目总结/摘要 肥胖是美国的一种公共卫生流行病，并导致许多其他不良心脏代谢疾病。 结果，如心脏病。不健康的饮食是肥胖病因的主要危险因素，低收入 有年幼子女的个人和妇女营养不足的比例过高， 超重。改善饮食模式的干预措施取得了好坏参半的成功，可能是因为它们 针对个人，在很大程度上忽略了影响饮食的复杂生态系统。精度 营养科学倡议鼓励更多地了解影响饮食的复杂系统。 对低收入人群影响最大的两个系统是社交网络和邻里关系 食物环境，因为这些人往往被嵌入社交网络，资源和支持较少， 他们更有可能生活在健康食品供应不足的社区。其中许多特点 有两种系统与不健康的饮食模式有关，例如生活在食物沙漠中， 网络大多是超重的。然而，以前的社交网络研究没有研究其他关键因素， 这些数据具有统计学特征，并存在方法上的局限性，例如缺乏人口层面的数据， 少数网络成员。社交网络和邻里食物环境也被研究， 孤立，这意味着这些系统对低收入人群饮食的协同影响并不 明白 本研究的目的是同时检验（1）生活在食物沙漠中的主要影响和交互影响 个人社会网络特征对低收入人群膳食结构和体重指数的影响 成年人和母亲。该项目将利用来自两个独特数据集的数据，每个数据集都具有显着的优势： (1)了解美国研究，纵向数据来自550个低收入个人，他们是 代表加利福尼亚州洛杉矶（LA）县，允许识别人群水平的影响，以及（2） NICHD资助的健康习惯临床试验，定性和定量的纵向数据来自70 低收入母亲在羚羊谷，洛杉矶县，加利福尼亚州，允许深入的混合方法探索。 这项研究的结果将使人们对以下方面的独立和协同影响有一个全面的了解： 社交网络和邻里食物环境对饮食模式和BMI的影响，并有助于 针对多层次影响力的干预措施。该奖学金的授予将使米勒女士 追求社会网络分析，地理信息科学的高级培训机会， 纵向和人口层面的数据分析，追求她成为一个独立的学术目标 研究科学家

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Obesity is a public health epidemic in the United States and contributes to many other adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, such as heart disease. Unhealthy diet is a major risk factor in the etiology of obesity, and low-income individuals and women with young children experience disproportionate rates of both inadequate nutrition and excess weight. Interventions to improve dietary patterns have had mixed success, likely because they have targeted the individual, and largely ignored the complex ecological systems that influence eating. Precision nutrition science initiatives are encouraging more understanding of the complex systems that influence diet. Two systems that may be especially impactful for low-income individuals are social networks and neighborhood food environments, as these individuals tend to be embedded in social networks with less resources and support, and they are more likely to live in neighborhoods with reduced access to healthy food. Many features of these two systems have been linked with unhealthy dietary patterns, such as living in a food desert and having a social network that is mostly overweight. However, previous social network studies have not examined other key features and have had methodological limitations such as lack of population-level data, and sparse information of few network members. Social networks and neighborhood food environments have also been studied in isolation, meaning the synergistic impact of these systems on the diets of low-income populations is not understood. The goal of this study is to examine, simultaneously, the main and interaction effects of (1) living in a food desert and (2) personal social network characteristics on the dietary patterns and body mass index (BMI) of low-income adults and mothers. This project will leverage data from two unique datasets that each have notable strengths: (1) The Understanding America Study, with longitudinal data from 550 low-income individuals who are representative of Los Angeles (LA) County, CA, allowing for the identification of population-level effects and (2) The NICHD-funded Healthy Habits clinical trial, with both qualitative and quantitative longitudinal data from 70 low-income mothers in Antelope Valley, LA County, CA, allowing for an in-depth mixed methods exploration. The findings from this study will give a fully-formed understanding of the independent and synergistic impacts of social networks and neighborhood food environments on dietary patterns and BMI, and contribute to interventions that are tailored to multiple levels of influence. The award of this fellowship will allow Ms. Miller to pursue advanced training opportunities in Social Network Analysis, Geographic Information Science, and longitudinal and population-level data analysis, in pursuit of her goal of becoming an independent academic research scientist.