Social Network Based Bystander Intervention for Hazardous Drinking

摘要 从高中到大学的转变与物质使用和新的同龄人社交活动的急剧增加相吻合 影响。尽管有强有力的文献支持同伴动力对饮酒的重要性，但酒精 干预措施没有纳入利用同伴影响减少危险酒精使用的因素。一个 考虑到校园社交生态并特别利用Peer的方法 大学社交网络中的影响可能比目前建立的更具影响力和可持续性 大学酗酒干预的方法越来越多。这项治疗开发研究将遵循以下阶段模式 行为疗法研究为一年级大学生创造了一种创新的干预方式 宿舍被确定和参与，以帮助减少他们的同龄人与酒精有关的危险行为。 最初的干预发展将需要进行焦点小组(4-5个小组，N=32)，以产生 使用旁观者干预和简短动机干预要素的干预成分 接近了。公开试验阶段将使用社交网络分析方法收集有关 友谊联系在一个一年级的大学宿舍网络内，并将随机选择参与者接受 新干预措施(最终N=15名干预接受者)。干预接受者的总体目标是 在社区中提高对有害酒精行为的关注和认识，承担责任 为了社区安全，并培养与同伴进行干预的技能和自我效能。在公开审判之后， 我们将细化干预和辅导员培训程序，然后进行小规模随机 使用两个大小匹配的第一年宿舍(N=30名干预接受者；N=260个联网)的对照试验 同伴)将宿舍中的新干预(旁观者短暂动机干预)与自然干预进行比较 另一种是历史控制。RCT的目标是证明以下内容的可行性、可接受性和充分性 辅导员的表现，以及干预的初步效果。干预结果将在以下方面进行衡量 干预接受者和他们联网的同龄人。我们期待住在宿舍里的参与者 分配给新的干预措施将显示出大量饮酒天数的进一步减少和 与对照组相比，在1个月和3个月时出现负面后果。我们还预计，理论上支持 新干预措施中的认知和行为过程将与减少 目标行为。我们的最终目标将是确定干预接受者是否具有高度的中心性 (通过网络关系确定)是更有效的减少酒精伤害的旁观者。这项研究具有 有可能产生一种有效的短期干预措施，在更大范围内减少危险饮酒 通过网络传播的社区。这些发现有可能在不同的人群中促进酒精使用的预防 完整的网络生态系统。

ABSTRACT The shift from high school to college coincides with a dramatic increase in substance use and new peer social influences. Despite the robust literature supporting the importance of peer dynamics for alcohol use, alcohol interventions have not incorporated elements that utilize peer influence for reducing hazardous alcohol use. An approach that takes the campus social ecology into consideration and that specifically leverages peer influences within college social networks may be more impactful and sustainable than currently established college alcohol intervention approaches. This treatment development research will follow the stage model of behavioral therapies research to create an innovative intervention in which college students in first-year dormitories are identified and engaged to assist in reducing the alcohol-related risk behaviors of their peers. Initial intervention development will entail conducting focus groups (4-5 groups, N = 32) to produce the intervention components using elements from Bystander Intervention and Brief Motivational Intervention approaches. An open trial phase will use social network analysis methods to collect information about friendship ties within one first-year college dormitory network and will randomly select participants to receive the new intervention (final N = 15 intervention recipients). The general goals for the intervention recipients are to increase concern and awareness about hazardous alcohol behavior in the community, assume responsibility for community safety, and develop the skills and self-efficacy to intervene with peers. Following the open trial, we will refine the intervention and counselor training procedures, then will conduct a small randomized controlled trial using two size-matched first-year dormitories (N = 30 intervention recipients; N = 260 networked peers) comparing the new intervention (Bystander Brief Motivational Intervention) in one dormitory to a natural history control in the other. The goal of the RCT is to demonstrate feasibility, acceptability, adequacy of counselor performance, and preliminary efficacy of the intervention. Intervention outcomes will be measured on the intervention recipients and their networked peers. We expect participants who live in the dormitory assigned to the new intervention will show evidence of greater reduction in number of heavy drinking days and negative consequences at 1 and 3 months relative to the control. We also expect that theoretically supported cognitive and behavioral processes targeted in the new intervention will be associated with reductions in the target behaviors. Our final goal will be to establish whether intervention recipients with high centrality (determined through network ties) are more effective alcohol harm reduction bystanders. This research has the potential to produce an efficacious brief intervention that can reduce hazardous drinking in the larger community via network diffusion. Findings have the potential to advance alcohol use prevention among various intact networked ecologies.