Social Network Based Bystander Intervention for Hazardous Drinking

摘要 从高中到大学的转变与物质使用和新的同龄人社交的急剧增加相吻合 影响。尽管有大量的文献支持同龄人对酒精使用的重要性，但酒精 干预措施没有纳入利用同伴影响减少危险饮酒的内容。一个 一种将校园社会生态考虑在内的方法， 大学社交网络内的影响可能比目前建立的更有影响力和可持续性 大学酒精干预方法。该治疗开发研究将遵循以下阶段模型： 行为疗法研究，以创造一种创新的干预措施， 确定宿舍并使其参与协助减少同龄人与酒精有关的危险行为。 初步干预措施的制定将需要进行焦点小组（4-5个小组，N = 32）， 使用旁观者干预和简短动机干预的要素的干预成分 接近。开放试验阶段将使用社交网络分析方法收集以下信息： 友谊关系在一个大学一年级宿舍网络，并将随机选择参与者接收 新干预（最终N = 15名干预接受者）。干预对象的总体目标是 提高对社区有害酒精行为的关注和认识，承担责任 社区安全，并发展与同龄人进行干预的技能和自我效能。在公开审判之后， 我们将完善干预和咨询师培训程序，然后将进行一个小的随机 对照试验使用两个大小匹配的第一年宿舍（N = 30干预接受者; N = 260联网 同伴）比较新的干预（旁观者简短的动机干预）在一个宿舍的自然 另一个是历史控制。RCT的目标是证明以下方面的可行性、可接受性和充分性： 辅导员的表现和干预的初步效果。干预结果将在以下方面进行衡量： 干预接受者和他们的网络同伴。我们希望住在宿舍的参与者 分配给新干预措施的数据将显示大量饮酒天数的大幅减少， 与对照组相比，1个月和3个月时的不良后果。我们还预计，理论上支持 新干预措施中针对的认知和行为过程将与 目标行为我们的最终目标将是确定是否具有高中心性的干预接受者 （通过网络关系确定）是更有效的减少酒精危害的旁观者。这项研究有 潜在的产生一个有效的短暂干预，可以减少危险的饮酒，在较大的 通过网络传播。研究结果有可能在各种人群中促进酒精使用预防。 完整的网络生态系统。

ABSTRACT The shift from high school to college coincides with a dramatic increase in substance use and new peer social influences. Despite the robust literature supporting the importance of peer dynamics for alcohol use, alcohol interventions have not incorporated elements that utilize peer influence for reducing hazardous alcohol use. An approach that takes the campus social ecology into consideration and that specifically leverages peer influences within college social networks may be more impactful and sustainable than currently established college alcohol intervention approaches. This treatment development research will follow the stage model of behavioral therapies research to create an innovative intervention in which college students in first-year dormitories are identified and engaged to assist in reducing the alcohol-related risk behaviors of their peers. Initial intervention development will entail conducting focus groups (4-5 groups, N = 32) to produce the intervention components using elements from Bystander Intervention and Brief Motivational Intervention approaches. An open trial phase will use social network analysis methods to collect information about friendship ties within one first-year college dormitory network and will randomly select participants to receive the new intervention (final N = 15 intervention recipients). The general goals for the intervention recipients are to increase concern and awareness about hazardous alcohol behavior in the community, assume responsibility for community safety, and develop the skills and self-efficacy to intervene with peers. Following the open trial, we will refine the intervention and counselor training procedures, then will conduct a small randomized controlled trial using two size-matched first-year dormitories (N = 30 intervention recipients; N = 260 networked peers) comparing the new intervention (Bystander Brief Motivational Intervention) in one dormitory to a natural history control in the other. The goal of the RCT is to demonstrate feasibility, acceptability, adequacy of counselor performance, and preliminary efficacy of the intervention. Intervention outcomes will be measured on the intervention recipients and their networked peers. We expect participants who live in the dormitory assigned to the new intervention will show evidence of greater reduction in number of heavy drinking days and negative consequences at 1 and 3 months relative to the control. We also expect that theoretically supported cognitive and behavioral processes targeted in the new intervention will be associated with reductions in the target behaviors. Our final goal will be to establish whether intervention recipients with high centrality (determined through network ties) are more effective alcohol harm reduction bystanders. This research has the potential to produce an efficacious brief intervention that can reduce hazardous drinking in the larger community via network diffusion. Findings have the potential to advance alcohol use prevention among various intact networked ecologies.