Examining naturalistic social engagement: Using mobile eye-tracking to investigate individual differences and within-person variation in adolescent behavior, attention, and neural processing

项目总结/摘要 同伴关系对青少年的社会发展有很大的影响1，2，并可能对 焦虑3和抑郁。4，5调查社会参与的标志物可以阐明 理解个人社会情感轨迹的潜在过程。两个主要差距存在于 关于青少年社会参与的文献：1）行为和注意力机制 成功的社会参与并没有得到很好的理解。2)对潜在机制的研究a）依赖于 模仿社交互动的基于计算机的任务（例如，电子球，6聊天室任务，7，8虚拟学校9）或B） 放弃神经处理或眼动追踪的措施，而倾向于更自然的社会互动。在 目前的研究，13岁的孩子将与一个新的同龄人配对，并提供机会从事一个 自然的社会互动。在社交互动期间，行为和移动的眼动跟踪（MET）数据将 收集。重要的是，移动的眼动跟踪系统还将捕捉每个参与者的视角， 社会互动凝视措施将被用来检查社会注意力在一个自然的互动。的 透视视频将用于检查心理化系统和威胁电路连接，以响应 自然的互动。具体来说，参与者将在扫描仪中“重新生活”互动，观看两者 积极和消极的时刻，从他们和他们的伴侣的角度来看。该设计将使 确定自然主义社会参与的多个标志，研究小组将解决三个问题。 主要目的：1）确定青少年社会注意和行为的个体差异，在自然的过程中， 同伴互动2)检查个体差异在心理化系统和威胁电路连接在一个 重新体验同伴互动。3)检验社会关注对个体的潜在调节作用 心理化系统和威胁电路连接模式的差异。调查结果将提供有价值的 关于社会参与的标记的信息，为未来研究这些标记如何 可能发展和相互作用，以支持精神病理学的出现，特别是焦虑。 目前的研究是设计一个综合培训计划，将准备研究金申请人， 未来的发展神经科学家三个首要的培训目标是：1）获得培训， 如何测量青少年同伴互动中的个体差异。2)接受神经科学培训 方法论和多层次模型。3)提前培训和专业发展， 独立的研究生涯。这些培训目标将有效地为申请人的下一个步骤做好准备， 成为一名发展神经科学家的理想职业道路，并为未来奠定基础 研究计划，研究如何相互作用的过程，行为，注意力和神经，根据 社会参与的发展，这也可能调节精神病理学的风险。

Project Summary/Abstract Peer relationships are highly influential in adolescent social development1,2 and may be protective against anxiety3 and depression.4,5 Investigating markers of social engagement may elucidate targets for understanding processes underlying individual socio-emotional trajectories. Two major gaps exist in the literature on adolescent social engagement: 1) The behavioral and attentional mechanisms underlying successful social engagement are not well understood. 2) Studies examining potential mechanisms a) rely on computer-based tasks that emulate social interactions (e.g., cyberball,6 chatroom task,7,8 virtual school9) or b) forgo measures of neural processing or eye-tracking in favor of more naturalistic social interactions. In the current study, 13-year-olds will be paired with a novel peer and provided the opportunity to engage in a naturalistic social interaction. During the social interaction, behavioral and mobile eye-tracking (MET) data will be collected. Importantly, the mobile eye-tracking system will also capture each participant’s perspective of the social interaction. Gaze measures will be used to examine social attention during a naturalistic interaction. The perspective videos will be used to examine mentalizing system and threat circuit connectivity in response to the naturalistic interaction. Specifically, participants will “re-live” the interaction in the scanner, watching both positive and negative moments from both their, and their partner’s, perspectives. The design will enable the identification of multiple markers of naturalistic social engagement and the research team will address three main aims: 1) Identify individual differences in adolescent social attention and behavior during a naturalistic peer interaction. 2) Examine individual differences in mentalizing system and threat circuit connectivity during a re-experienced peer interaction. 3) Examine the potential moderating effect of social attention on individual differences in mentalizing system and threat circuit connectivity patterns. Findings will provide valuable information about markers of social engagement, paving the way for future work examining how these markers may develop and interact to support the emergence of psychopathology, particularly anxiety. The current study is designed with an integrated training plan that will prepare the fellowship applicant for a future career as a developmental neuroscientist. The three overarching training goals are: 1) Obtain training in how to measure individual differences in adolescent peer interactions. 2) Obtain training in neuroscience methodology and multilevel modeling. 3) Advance training and professional development in preparation for an independent research career. These training goals will effectively prepare the applicant for the next steps in the desired career path of becoming a developmental neuroscientist as well as lay the foundation for a future research program examining how interacting processes, behavioral, attentional and neural, underlie the development of social engagement, which also may modulate risk for psychopathology.