Understanding and Overcoming Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy Due to Defective Antigen Presentation
Understanding and Overcoming Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy Due to Defective Antigen Presentation
批准号:
10337040
负责人:
Susan M Kaech
金额:
$65.55万
依托单位:
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2019
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2019-02-06 至 2024-01-31
关键词:
AffectAftercareAntigen PresentationBiopsyCell physiologyCell surfaceCellsClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsDataDefectDevelopmentDiseaseDisease ResistanceDown-RegulationDrug resistanceEpigenetic ProcessFDA approvedGene Expression RegulationGenesGenetic ProcessesGoalsHumanI-antigenImmuneImmune checkpoint inhibitorImmune signalingImmune systemImmunocompetentImmunologicsImmunotherapyImpairmentInfiltrationKnock-outKnowledgeLeadLigandsLung NeoplasmsMajor Histocompatibility ComplexMalignant NeoplasmsMalignant neoplasm of lungMediatingMetastatic MelanomaMethodsMolecularMutationNatural Killer CellsNon-Small-Cell Lung CarcinomaPathway interactionsPatientsPlayProteinsResearchResistanceRoleSMARCA4 geneSignal PathwaySignal TransductionSolid NeoplasmSpecimenSquamous Cell Lung CarcinomaSurvival RateSystemT-LymphocyteTestingTherapeuticTissuesbeta-2 Microglobulincancer immunotherapychromatin remodelingepigenetic regulationepigenetic silencingevidence basein vivoin vivo Modelinnovationinsightmelanomamouse modelmulticatalytic endopeptidase complexneoplastic cellnew therapeutic targetnovel strategiespatient derived xenograft modelprogrammed cell death protein 1programsresistance mechanismresponsetherapeutically effectivetumor
中文摘要
近年来,免疫疗法已经转变为晚期肺癌患者的主要治疗方案。
癌症和黑色素瘤是导致持久免疫反应的主要因素,在一系列病例中出现,但很少能治愈大多数患者。
疾病。在这些治疗方法中,尤其是免疫球蛋白检查点抑制物抑制剂(ICIS),可以阻断对T细胞的抑制信号。
细胞,就像程序化的细胞和死亡相关蛋白1(PD-1)一样,会导致15%-20%的未经选择的非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的免疫应答。
小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)治疗和治疗高达60%的黑色素瘤患者。根据这些研究的主要基础是几项。
免疫调节检查点抑制剂已经被FDA批准用于治疗转移性黑色素瘤和晚期黑色素瘤。
NSCLC。随着越来越多的患者开始接受这些新的疗法,然而,许多人最初可能会从这些疗法中受益。
他们最终会患上一种耐药的癌症。到目前为止,人们对这种疾病的分子生物学和细胞生物学知识知之甚少。
对ICIS的获得性耐药性的基础机制。因此,有效的治疗性治疗策略能够更好地治疗ICIS患者。
由于存在抗ICI的疾病,我们非常缺乏这种疾病。但在这里提出的这项研究的长期目标是提供更多的机械设备。
洞察在肺癌和黑色素瘤等疾病中获得的对ICIS药物的耐药性,从而有助于提高癌症的整体发展水平。
循证医学方法有助于克服ICI的阻力。
我们的研究小组还开创了一种新的方法来研究在肺癌和癌症中对ICIS药物的获得性耐药的机制。
此外,我们还建立了优化的检测方法,用于体内检测免疫功能正常的患者对ICIS药物的耐药性分析。
癌症和黑色素瘤在小鼠模型中的表达。这些研究已经揭示,它们损害了MHC-I的抗原提呈。
在赋予获得者对ICIS的抵抗力方面发挥着核心作用。我们假设有多种不同的机制。
包括遗传基因改变、表观遗传学改变和免疫调节信号通路的改变,这些信号通路都可能导致癌症。
抗原呈递的下调可能会导致对ICIS的耐药性。此外,我们假设我们对这些疾病的认识是正确的。
控制和控制其免疫学后果的机制也不能用来制定能够克服的治疗策略。
ICI--阻力。因此,我们应该提出一种方法,以提高我们独一无二的试验性系统的杠杆作用,以:1)确定它们的缺陷是如何发生的。
MHC-I抗原在耐ICI肿瘤中的呈递可能会影响机体的免疫系统格局,尤其是自然杀伤细胞(NK)。
细胞功能,2)阐明导致抗ICI中MHC I抗原提呈受损的主要遗传过程。
肺癌和肺癌决定了编码MHC-I和APM基因的表观遗传学和沉默机制是否可以。
导致人们对ICIS产生抵抗力。这些研究成果加在一起,将为我们提供一个更全面、更全面的对ICIS的理解。
这些机制可能是肺癌中MHC-I抗原提呈缺陷和黑色素瘤耐药机制的基础。
免疫检查点抑制剂和将为进一步克服这种耐药性的潜在新的治疗方法奠定基础。
英文摘要
In recent years, immunotherapies have transformed the treatment landscape for patients with advanced lung
cancer and melanoma, leading to durable responses in a subset of cases but rarely curing patients of the
disease. These treatments, in particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that block inhibitory signals on T-
cells, like programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), lead to responses in 15-20% of unselected patients with non-
small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and up to 60% of melanoma patients. On the basis of these studies several
immune checkpoint inhibitors have been FDA-approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and advanced
NSCLC. Increasing numbers of patients are receiving these therapies, however many initially benefit from them
and eventually develop drug-resistant disease. To date, there is little knowledge of the molecular and cellular
mechanisms that underlie acquired resistance to ICIs. As a result, effective therapeutic strategies to treat patients
with ICI-resistant disease are lacking. The long-term goal of the research proposed here is to provide mechanistic
insight into acquired resistance to ICIs in lung cancer and melanoma and thus contribute to the development of
evidence-based approaches to overcome ICI resistance.
Our group has pioneered approaches to study mechanisms of acquired resistance to ICIs in lung cancer.
Moreover, we have optimized methods for the in vivo analysis of resistance to ICIs in immunocompetent lung
cancer and melanoma mouse models. These studies have revealed that impaired MHC I antigen presentation
plays a central role in conferring acquired resistance to ICIs. We hypothesize that multiple different mechanisms
including genetic alterations, epigenetic changes and altered immune signaling pathways can lead to
downregulation of antigen presentation causing resistance to ICIs. Further, we posit that knowledge of these
mechanisms and their immunological consequences can be used to devise therapeutic strategies to overcome
ICI-resistance. Thus, we propose to leverage our unique experimental systems to: 1) Determine how defects in
MHC I antigen presentation in ICI-resistant tumors affect the immune landscape, especially natural killer (NK)
cell function, 2) Elucidate the genetic processes that lead to impaired MHC I antigen presentation in ICI-resistant
lung cancers and 3) Determine whether epigenetic silencing of genes encoding MHC I APM components can
lead to resistance to ICIs. Together, these studies will provide us with a comprehensive understanding of the
mechanisms that underlie defects in MHC I antigen presentation in lung tumors and melanomas resistant to
immune checkpoint inhibitors and will set the stage for potential new approaches to overcome this resistance.
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