Immune perception of bacterial pathogens in plants

项目总结/摘要 本项目的研究重点是植物对细菌病原体的免疫感知。植物拥有 复杂的先天性免疫系统，包括能够识别 所有病原体类别。这些免疫受体在结构上与它们的动物对应物相似，包括 表面定位的模式识别受体（PRRs）以及细胞内的核苷酸结合亮氨酸丰富的 重复序列（NLR）受体。植物免疫受体和下游信号节点受后 翻译修饰，允许快速调节防御的起始、幅度和持续时间。 虽然PRRs和NLR在结构上不同，并且在防御时间和幅度上表现出差异，但它们在防御时间和幅度上都存在差异。 在关键下游信号传导节点的翻译后修饰中具有显著的重叠。但我们的 数据表明，参与介导PRR和NLR反应的激酶在关键信号节点， 与众不同在这里，我们将研究调节先天免疫信号强度，信号传播， 和细胞特异性反应。我们将分析特定蛋白激酶的重要性 介导NLR引发的免疫反应的强度。我们将研究串联排列的 作为传播病原体信号的次级免疫受体的富含半胱氨酸的受体样激酶 perception.最后，我们将研究细胞特异性先天免疫反应。这个项目将培养下一个 一代科学家，并导致发现，导致更好地了解如何信号的初始 病原体感知被整合到植物器官内的有效防御反应中。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The research in this proposal focuses on plant immune perception of bacterial pathogens. Plants possess a sophisticated innate immune system comprised of germline encoded immune receptors capable of recognizing all pathogen classes. These immune receptors are structurally similar to their animal counterparts and include surface localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) as well as intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine rich repeat (NLR) receptors. Plant immune receptors and downstream signaling nodes are controlled by post- translational modifications, allowing rapid regulation of the initiation, amplitude, and duration of defense. Although PRRs and NLRs are structurally distinct and exhibit differences in defense timing and amplitude, they share significant overlap in posttranslational modification of critical downstream signaling nodes. However, our data demonstrates that the kinases involved in mediating PRR and NLR responses at key signaling nodes are distinct. Here, we will investigate mechanisms regulating innate immune signal intensity, signal propagation and cell specific responses within a leaf. We will analyze the importance of specific protein kinases for mediating the intensity of NLR-triggered immune responses. We will investigate the role of tandemly arrayed cysteine rich-receptor like kinases as secondary immune receptors that propagate signals of pathogen perception. Finally, we will investigate cell specific innate immune responses. This project will train the next generation of scientists and result in discoveries that lead to a better understanding of how signals of initial pathogen perception are integrated into an effective defense response within a plant organ.