Project 3: Methods for Selective Extraction, Concentration and Detection of N-Nitrosamines

项目摘要/摘要--项目3 N-亚硝胺包括一些人类已知的最具诱变性的化学物质，它们存在于 以及在超级基金网站附近、饮用水、食品和药品中。现在需要的是新的检测方法 可用于实现分布式传感的水中的N-亚硝胺。告知风险的一个主要限制 暴露是这样一个事实，即N-亚硝胺检测需要复杂的实验室设备集中在 地点。这些方法虽然精确度很高，但价格昂贵，需要训练有素的技术人员。目标是 这个项目的目的是创造足够便宜的材料和方法，可以通过 个人不需要详细的技术培训。具体目标1是创建和部署漏洞 具有N-亚硝胺特有识别元件的吸收聚合物薄膜和颗粒。 含有固相萃取材料的识别可用于从水中浓缩N-亚硝胺。 在检测到N-亚硝胺的情况下，项目3随后有助于确定哪些N-亚硝胺- 亚硝胺是存在的，将通过传统的集中式实验室检测(将由 项目4)。了解存在哪些N-亚硝胺将指导项目进行的生物影响研究 1和项目2.具体目标2是创造和应用一种利用NDMA的新型NDMA光学传感器 碎片化产品。固相萃取材料也作为现场部署的平台 传感系统。检测机制利用N-亚硝胺的光解分解，可以 在溶液中或直接在固相萃取材料中进行。光解产生的活性物种 允许通过与有机芳香分子的额外反应进行检测，这些分子可以用来产生新的发射物 种类或颜色很高的材料。此外，通过光解产生的活性物种可用于创建 化学发光。具体目标3是创建一种可现场部署的设备，有效地供社区使用 会员须执行公民科学。将对给出的新的基于光学的传感方法进行评估 敏感性、准确性、对干扰物种的抵抗力，以及转化为适合于 由社区成员使用。利用智能手机摄像头将为提供传感方法提供便利 作为探测器。智能手机方法既可以用于比色检测，也可以用于发射检测。使用 来自CEC的支持，使社区能够经常检测其环境中的N-亚硝胺 供水将有助于更全面地了解风险以及季节、天气和 人为干预影响暴露风险。学员将推动这项研究，并将得到 研究经验和培训协调核心，以及研究翻译将由 管理核心。存在N-亚硝胺的结果将通过数据管理进行合并 和分析核心，对生物影响有新的理解，有助于我们理解 特定的水样。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT – PROJECT 3 N-nitrosamines include some of the most mutagenic chemicals known to humankind, and they are present at and near Superfund Sites, in drinking water, and in food and drugs. What is needed are new methods to detect N-nitrosamines in water that can be used to enable distributed sensing. A major limitation in informing risk of exposure is the fact that N-nitrosamine detection requires sophisticated laboratory equipment in centralized locations. These methods, although highly accurate, are expensive and require trained technical staff. The goal of this project is to create materials and methods that are sufficiently inexpensive to be performed routinely by individuals without the need for detailed technical training. Specific Aim 1 is to create and deploy porous absorptive polymer films and particles with recognition elements specific for N-nitrosamines. Recognition containing solid phase extraction materials can be used to concentrate N-nitrosamines from water. Under conditions where N-nitrosamines are detected, Project 3 then contributes to the identification of which N- nitrosamines are present, to be done via conventional centralized laboratory determinations (to be developed by Project 4). Knowing which N-nitrosamines are present will guide studies of biological impact to be done by Project 1 and Project 2. Specific Aim 2 is to create and apply a novel NDMA optical sensor that exploits NDMA fragmentation products. The solid phase extraction materials also serve as a platform for field-deployed sensing systems. The detection mechanisms make use of photolytic breakdown of N-nitrosamines that can be conducted in solution or directly in solid phase extraction materials. Reactive species generated by photolysis allow for detection by additional reactions to organic aromatic molecules that can be used to create new emissive species or highly colored materials. Additionally, reactive species generated photolytically can be used to create chemiluminescence. Specific Aim 3 is to create a field-deployable device effective for use by community members to perform Citizen Science. The new optical based sensing methods given will be evaluated for sensitivity, accuracy, resistance to interfering species, and the ability to be translated to methods appropriate for use by community members. Providing sensing methods will be facilitated by leveraging smartphone cameras as detectors. Smartphone methods can be used in both colorimetric and emissive detection methods. With support from the CEC, empowering communities to frequently detect N-nitrosamines in their environment and water supplies will help to create a more comprehensive understanding of risk and how seasons, weather, and human interventions impact the exposure risks. Trainees will drive the research and will be supported by the Research Experience and Training Coordination Core, and research translation will be fostered by the Administrative Core. Results on which N-nitrosamines are present will be combined by the Data Management and Analysis Core with new understanding of biological impact to contribute to our comprehension of risk for specific water samples.