Perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability and applicability

Valhara将开发钙钛矿太阳能电池和模块，其电力转换效率高于26%(组件为23%)，外推寿命为25年，遵循生态设计原则，以减少钙钛矿型光伏对环境的影响：可扩展的生产工艺，无有害溶剂，优化材料使用，循环性和可回收性。只有铅基钙钛矿显示出了能够达到目标性能水平的效率和稳定性。因此，在瓦尔哈拉，我们主要关注铅基钙钛矿。我们将开发包含铅螯合材料的创新封装方法，即使在破碎的模块中也能保留所有铅。将演示循环性，包括铅的完全报废回收。我们将专注于真空和混合加工，在生产过程中消除有毒和有害溶剂的使用。为了扩大这项可持续技术的应用范围，瓦尔哈拉将开发具有三个带隙范围的刚性、柔性和半透明钙钛矿及其优化的电荷传输材料。了解电池和组件在室外运行条件下的降解机制，并开发有意义的钙钛矿型加速室内稳定性测试将是瓦尔哈拉的关键目标。稳定性的方法将从全局的角度出发，从理论上理解钙钛矿缺陷的作用、组成和结构对内在稳定性的影响，到开发模块封装和互连设计，使其能够实现长操作寿命。能源产量评估将基于欧洲三个不同地点的室外压力模块进行

VALHALLA will develop perovskite solar cells and modules with power conversion efficiencies above 26% (23% for modules) and an extrapolated lifetime > 25 years, guided by eco-design principles that decrease the environmental impact of perovskite photovoltaics: scalable production processes, no harmful solvents, optimised use of materials, circularity and recyclability. Only lead-based perovskites have demonstrated efficiencies and stabilities that enable to reach the targeted performance levels. Therefore, in VALHALLA we focus primarily on lead based perovskites. We will develop innovative encapsulation methods containing lead-chelating materials that detain all lead even in broken modules. Circularity will be demonstrated, including a full end-of-life recovery of lead. We will focus on vacuum and hybrid processing that eliminates the use of toxic and harmful solvents during production. To increase the range of application of this sustainable technology, VALHALLA will develop rigid, flexible and semi-transparent perovskites with three bandgap ranges together with their optimized charge transport materials. Understanding the degradation mechanisms of both cells and modules in outdoor operating conditions and developing meaningful accelerated indoor stability tests for perovskite will be a key target of VALHALLA. The approach to stability will be from a global angle, from the theoretical understanding of the role of perovskite defects, composition, and architecture on the intrinsic stability to the development of module encapsulation and interconnection design that will enable long operational lifetime. An energy yield assessment will be performed based on outdoor stressed modules in three different European locations