Adult Cognitive and Neurobiological Indicators of Aging: Impact of Adversity and Social Support

项目总结/摘要 使用独特的纵向数据集和线性增长模型分析技术， 拟议的研究将探讨早期和生命历程轨迹的逆境之间的关系 和成年人衰老的生物行为标志物。动物和人类研究表明， 暴露于逆境可能会对发育中的生物系统产生负面影响， 结构和功能轨迹，以及加速老化过程。拟议研究 将检查与脑神经生物学（结构，功能， 连接性）以及对逆境和衰老敏感的相关认知和表观遗传标记。的 研究还将研究保护性社会关系（特别是早期积极的社会关系）的作用。 在缓和不利相关的影响。 基于明尼苏达州风险和适应纵向研究（Sroufe等人，（2005年） 利用人类衰老连接组计划（HCP-A; Bookheimer et 例如，2019年），该研究解决了神经生物学和行为学方面的重大差距 调查成人衰老过程的起源和逆境对 发展不像同时和回顾性研究的风险和保护性影响， 老龄化，拟议的研究采用了前瞻性多水平设计与样本的个人 从出生到成年中期进行评估。建议的神经生物学和 认知功能将有助于理解逆境的影响 成人大脑健康（结构、功能、连接）和与年龄相关的认知。具体地说， 我们将研究与成年人有关的逆境的时间和慢性（发病和轨迹）， 结果。遗传数据将允许分析逆境、表观遗传和 变化（即，端粒长度，DNA甲基化年龄），以及并发的神经和认知功能 功能拟议的工作将解决关键的研究，政策和实践问题 关于不良经历对人脑的影响，认知和 神经生物学变化的生物学相关性，以及 对这些关系的早期经验，产生可检验的研究假设 并促进开展有针对性的预防和干预工作。

Project Summary/Abstract Using a unique longitudinal data set and linear growth modeling analytic techniques, the proposed research will examine relations between early and life course trajectories of adversity and adult biobehavioral markers of aging. Animal and human studies suggest that early exposure to adversity may negatively impact developing biological systems altering long term structural and functional trajectories, and accelerating aging processes. The proposed research will examine this neurotoxicity hypothesis in relation to brain neurobiology (structure, function, connectivity) and related cognitive and epigenetic markers sensitive to adversity and aging. The research will also examine the role of protective social relationships (especially positive early caregiving) in moderating the adversity-related effects. Based in the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (Sroufe et al., 2005) and drawing on methodology from the Human Connectome Project in Aging (HCP-A; Bookheimer et al., 2019), the study addresses significant gaps in both neurobiological and behavioral investigations of the origins of adult aging processes and the effects of adversity on development. Unlike concurrent and retrospective studies of risk and protective influences on aging, the proposed study employs a prospective multilevel design with a sample of individuals assessed from birth to middle adulthood. The proposed assessments of neurobiological and cognitive functioning will contribute to an understanding of the impact of exposure to adversity on adult brain health (structure, function, connectivity) and age-related cognition. Specifically, we will examine the timing and chronicity (onset and trajectory) of adversity in relation to adult outcomes. Genetic data will permit analyses of associations between adversity, epigenetic variation (i.e., telomere length, DNA methylation age), and concurrent neural and cognitive functioning. The proposed work will address critical research, policy, and practice questions regarding the effects of adverse experience on the human brain, the cognitive and biological correlates of neurobiological change, and the potential moderating influence of early caregiving experience on these relations, generating testable research hypotheses and contributing to the development of targeted prevention and intervention efforts.