Adult Cognitive and Neurobiological Indicators of Aging: Impact of Adversity and Social Support

项目摘要/摘要 使用独特的纵向数据集和线性增长建模分析技术， 拟议的研究将考察逆境的早期轨迹和生活轨迹之间的关系 以及成人衰老的生物行为标记物。动物和人体研究表明，早期 暴露在逆境中可能会对正在发展的生物系统产生负面影响，从而长期改变 结构和功能轨迹，以及加速老化过程。拟议的研究 将从脑神经生物学(结构、功能、 连接性)以及对逆境和衰老敏感的相关认知和表观遗传标记。这个 研究还将考察保护性社会关系的作用(特别是早期积极的社会关系 照顾)在缓和与逆境相关的影响方面。 基于明尼苏达州风险和适应纵向研究(Sroufe等人，2005年)和 借鉴老龄化中的人类连接组项目的方法(HCP-A；Bookheimer et 2019年)，这项研究解决了神经生物学和行为学方面的重大差距 成人衰老过程的起源及逆境对其影响的研究 发展。与风险和保护性影响的并行和回溯性研究不同 年龄，建议的研究采用前瞻性多水平设计，以个体为样本 从出生到成年进行评估。拟议的神经生物学和 认知功能有助于理解暴露在逆境中的影响 关于成人大脑健康(结构、功能、连通性)和与年龄相关的认知。具体来说， 我们将研究与成人有关的逆境的时间和慢性(发病和发展轨迹)。 结果。基因数据将允许分析逆境、表观遗传 变异(即端粒长度、DNA甲基化年龄)和同时存在的神经和认知 功能正常。拟议的工作将解决关键的研究、政策和实践问题 关于不良体验对人脑的影响，认知和 神经生物学变化的生物学相关性，以及潜在的调节影响 关于这些关系的早期护理经验，产生可检验的研究假设 并有助于开展有针对性的预防和干预工作。

Project Summary/Abstract Using a unique longitudinal data set and linear growth modeling analytic techniques, the proposed research will examine relations between early and life course trajectories of adversity and adult biobehavioral markers of aging. Animal and human studies suggest that early exposure to adversity may negatively impact developing biological systems altering long term structural and functional trajectories, and accelerating aging processes. The proposed research will examine this neurotoxicity hypothesis in relation to brain neurobiology (structure, function, connectivity) and related cognitive and epigenetic markers sensitive to adversity and aging. The research will also examine the role of protective social relationships (especially positive early caregiving) in moderating the adversity-related effects. Based in the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (Sroufe et al., 2005) and drawing on methodology from the Human Connectome Project in Aging (HCP-A; Bookheimer et al., 2019), the study addresses significant gaps in both neurobiological and behavioral investigations of the origins of adult aging processes and the effects of adversity on development. Unlike concurrent and retrospective studies of risk and protective influences on aging, the proposed study employs a prospective multilevel design with a sample of individuals assessed from birth to middle adulthood. The proposed assessments of neurobiological and cognitive functioning will contribute to an understanding of the impact of exposure to adversity on adult brain health (structure, function, connectivity) and age-related cognition. Specifically, we will examine the timing and chronicity (onset and trajectory) of adversity in relation to adult outcomes. Genetic data will permit analyses of associations between adversity, epigenetic variation (i.e., telomere length, DNA methylation age), and concurrent neural and cognitive functioning. The proposed work will address critical research, policy, and practice questions regarding the effects of adverse experience on the human brain, the cognitive and biological correlates of neurobiological change, and the potential moderating influence of early caregiving experience on these relations, generating testable research hypotheses and contributing to the development of targeted prevention and intervention efforts.