Flexible representation of speech in the supratemporal plane.

项目总结 言语交流在向他人传达我们的思想、维持社会关系以及 支持教育成果。因此，影响言语感知的沟通障碍，如 自闭症、阅读障碍和听力损失对个人和社会来说都可能是代价高昂的。了解 语音处理的神经生物学基础是一个重要的目标，这一目标已被侵入性的颅内加速 神经外科环境中的电生理学。然而，大量的行为证据表明，动态、灵活的 语音输入到音素的映射，这在神经生物学模型中还没有被考虑到。 这一探索性/发展性R21项目追求的中心假设是，听力语境系统地 影响大脑皮质对语音的反应，从而影响信号中声学维度的诊断 音素。一个新成立的跨学科研究团队将通过 在神经外科背景下获得的立体脑电信号(SEEG)来研究这一假说。喜欢 皮层脑电图术(ECoG)，sEEG提供高时空分辨率并可以靶向皮质表面， 包括颞上回(STG)。由于皮质内电极的放置，sEEG电极记录 经颞上平面，特别针对深沟和脑回灰质，包括SUBERVER 颞沟(STS)和赫氏回(HG)。同步头皮脑电(EEG)将 将这些皮质内测量与适用于健康研究的非侵入性方法联系起来 听众。目标1将建立对两个声学-语音维度的神经反应，作为知觉的函数 它们用来表示音素身份的权重。这将为每个参与者提供一个基准响应 在目标2中，比较作为对听力语境的实验操作改变了知觉权重，并且将 确定知觉加权策略中的个体差异如何预测皮质电生理 回应。目标2将介绍两种公认的操作，它们在行为上移动知觉权重 相对于基线：引入噪声和引入短期语音输入的“口音” 背离母语的分布规律的。对实验操作的检验 受试者内部将提供一种灵敏的方法，通过该方法来分析神经反应的变化 感知权重的变化在不同的听力环境中产生。参与者将在稍后的时间内进行抽样 青春期(15-25岁)，在此期间，知觉权重提供了信息量的异质性。这个 项目将通过填补在理解语音处理方面的一个重要空白，建立一个 从患者有创电生理研究到人类听者头皮脑电测量的桥梁 通过组合sEEG+EEG，婚礼经典和最先进的计算方法来告知 机制，并了解语音处理的动态、灵活特性 对沟通障碍的实质性影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY Speech communication plays a crucial role in conveying our thoughts to others, maintaining social ties, and supporting educational achievement. As a result, communication disorders that impact speech perception like autism, dyslexia, and hearing loss can be costly to both individuals and society. Understanding the neurobiological bases of speech processing is an important goal that has been hastened by invasive intracranial electrophysiology in neurosurgical contexts. Yet, substantial behavioral evidence demonstrates dynamic, flexible aspects of the mapping of speech input to phonemes that is not yet accounted for in neurobiological models. This Exploratory/Developmental R21 project pursues the central hypothesis that listening context systematically impacts cortical response to speech and therefore affects the diagnosticity of acoustic dimensions in signaling phonemes. A newly established cross-disciplinary research team will use intracerebral recording via stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) obtained in a neurosurgical context to pursue this hypothesis. Like electrocorticography (ECoG), sEEG offers high spatiotemporal resolution and can target the cortical surface, including superior temporal gyrus (STG). Owing to the intracortical electrode placement, sEEG electrodes record through the supratemporal plane, specifically targeting both deep sulcal and gyral grey matter including superior temporal sulcus (STS) and Heschl’s gyrus (HG). Simultaneous scalp electroencephalography (EEG) will be acquired to link these intracortical measures with noninvasive approaches appropriate in studies of healthy listeners. Aim 1 will establish neural response to two acoustic-phonetic dimensions as a function of the perceptual weight with which they signal phoneme identity. This will provide a baseline response for each participant for comparison as experimental manipulations to listening context shift perceptual weights in Aim 2, and will establish how individual differences in perceptual weighting strategies predict cortical electrophysiological response. Aim 2 will introduce two well-established manipulations that, behaviorally, shift perceptual weights relative to baseline: introduction of noise and introduction of an ‘accent’ for which the short-term speech input deviates from distributional regularities of the native language. Examination of experimental manipulations within-participant will provide a sensitive means by which to assay changes in neural response as a function of changes in perceptual weights arising across listening contexts. Participants will be sampled across later adolescence (15-25 years), a period during which perceptual weights provide informative heterogeneity. The project will compound its impact by filling an important gap in understanding of speech processing, building a bridge from invasive electrophysiological studies with patients to scalp EEG measures of human listeners through combined sEEG+EEG, wedding classic and state-of-the-art computational approaches to inform mechanisms, and delivering an understanding of the dynamic, flexible nature of speech processing with substantial implications for communication disorders.