BENCHMARKS: Building a European Network for the Characterisation and Harmonisation of Monitoring Approaches for Research and Knowledge on Soils

土壤健康对于应对气候、环境和社会方面的挑战至关重要。因此，这一土壤健康和粮食使命提案直接与其他高等教育使命以及欧洲绿色交易和农场到餐桌战略相联系。公共和私营部门都在提出一个可持续的愿景，这取决于对管理和政策创新对土壤健康的影响进行可靠的评估。因此，迫切需要确保欧盟为衡量土壤健康制定可靠的成本效益框架基准。与现有的倡议，如欧盟土壤观测站，EJP土壤和LUCAS表土调查，并使用开放科学的方法，基准财团将共同设计一个综合土壤健康监测框架。该框架将建立在对土壤生态系统功能的评估基础上，共同开发一个互动式土壤健康仪表板，用于：（1）选择适当的土壤健康指标;（2）土壤健康评估和指数;（3）推荐支持土壤健康的管理做法。该仪表板将适用于城市、农业和林业土地使用系统中的各种利益攸关方的地方、景观、区域和欧洲规模。基准指标将与利益攸关方的目标相关，适用于不同的土地使用系统和土壤气候带，并在后勤、财务和敏感性要求方面适当。为了提供关于指标的适当空间分辨率的信息，土壤健康使命和基准建议的指标（基于样本的测量，统计数据（数据和模型衍生的测量），空间（地球观测技术））和公民科学观测将在欧洲的24个生活实验室进行测试。最后，基准将通过增加关于土壤健康、功能和生态系统服务之间联系的证据，支持政策制定和价值链创新。

Soil health is crucial for challenges related to climate, environment and society. As such, this Soil Health and Food Mission proposal directly links in to the other HE missions, as well as to the European Green Deal and Farm to Fork strategies. Both public and private sectors are proposing a sustainable vision, that depends on a reliable assessment of the effects of management and policy innovations on soil health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to ensure that the EU setsthe benchmark of a reliable cost-effective framework for measuring soil health. In alignment with existing initiatives such as EU Soil Observatory, EJP Soil and the LUCAS Topsoil survey, and using open science approaches, the BENCHMARKS consortium will co-design an Integrated Soil Health Monitoring Framework. This framework will build upon the assessment of soil-based ecosystem functions to co-develop an interactive soil health dashboard for (1) the selection of appropriate soil health indicators, (2) soil health assessment and indexation, and (3) recommendation of management practices to support soil health. The dashboard will be suitable at local, landscape, regional and European scales for a variety of stakeholders in urban, agricultural and forestry land use systems. BENCHMARKS indicators will be relevant to the stakeholder’s objectives, applicable to the different land use systems and pedo-climatic zone and appropriate in terms of logistical, financial and sensitivity requirements. To inform on the appropriate spatial resolution of indicators, the Soil Health Mission and BENCHMARKS proposed indicators (sample-based measurements, stats (data and model derived measurements), space (earth observation techniques)) and citizen science observations will be tested in 24 Living Labs across Europe. Finally, BENCHMARKS will support policy development and value-chain innovation through increased evidence on the links between soil health, functions and ecosystem services.