Evaluating the Effects of the Bar Outreach Project in North Carolina

项目总结/摘要 在美国，性暴力（SV）的发生率仍然高得令人无法接受; 43.6%的妇女和 24.8%的男性在其一生中经历过某种形式的抑郁症（Smith等人，2018年）。酒精已经 被确定为受害和实施性侵犯的主要风险因素（Behnken，2017; Richer等人，2017年）; SV风险也增加了社会背景下，促进大量饮酒（即，条）和 具有高密度的酒精供应场所的社区（Cunradi等人，2014; Pridemore等人， 2013年）。旁观者干预计划采取多层次的方法来解决SV风险（McMahon & Banyard，2012年），但是，在学校和校园环境之外，它们尚未对SV进行严格的评估 结果。目前迫切需要在社区环境中测试SV预防方法的有效性 了解酒精对个人和社区的影响。拟议 一项研究将评估酒吧外展项目的有效性，该项目是一套培训和支持的方案， 饮酒场所，用于SV的初级预防。Buncombe已实施BOP 县，北卡罗来纳州，自2008年以来由强奸预防和教育资助的组织我们的声音。 基于社会规范理论（Berkowitz，2003; 2005）和计划行为理论（Ajzen，1991）， BOP促进反暴力规范，并通过增加旁观者干预创造更安全的环境 在酒吧工作人员中。到目前为止，还没有研究检查BOP的影响或研究成功的条件。 在组成部分A期间，拟议的研究将评估国际收支平衡表的可评价性。 通过形成性研究和试点测试（目标1）。然后，评估将使用有效性- 实现混合设计（Hybrid I; Curran等人，2012年），以评估BOP对邻里的影响- SV受害率（目标2），评估BOP对酒吧工作人员和环境的影响 结果，并检查这些因素如何预测顾客的结果（目标3），并检查条件和 有效实施和改善员工和顾客成果所需的特性（目标4）。 关于干预和比较社区SV发生率的行政数据， 顾客和工作人员在15个干预和15个比较酒吧，半结构化采访的经理， 工作人员、研究团队的观察以及我们的VOICE实施记录将用于评估 有效性和执行以及衡量成本。《国际收支手册》是为传播而编制的， 表现出很强的社会接受性。这项研究的结果预计将有一个重要的积极意义， 通过扩大在促进社会规范等关键领域预防SV的证据基础， 创造保护环境，并为今后成功实施这些方案提供信息。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The prevalence of sexual violence (SV) is still unacceptably high in the United States; 43.6% of women and 24.8% of men have experienced some form of it in their lifetimes (Smith et al., 2018). Alcohol has been identified as a leading risk factor for both victimization and perpetration of sexual assault (Behnken, 2017; Richer et al., 2017); SV risk is also increased in social contexts that promote heavy drinking (i.e., bars) and in communities with a high density of alcohol-serving establishments (Cunradi et al., 2014; Pridemore et al., 2013). Bystander intervention programs take a multilevel approach to addressing SV risk (McMahon & Banyard, 2012), but, outside of school and campus settings, they have not been rigorously evaluated for SV outcomes. There is a critical need to test the effectiveness of SV prevention approaches in community settings where alcohol is prevalent and to understand their effects on both individuals and communities. The proposed study will assess the effectiveness of the Bar Outreach Project (BOP), a package of training and support for alcohol-serving establishments, for primary prevention of SV. The BOP has been implemented in Buncombe County, North Carolina, since 2008 by the Rape Prevention and Education-funded organization Our VOICE. Grounded in Social Norms Theory (Berkowitz, 2003; 2005) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991), BOP promotes anti-violence norms and creates safer environments by increasing bystander intervention among bar staff. To date, no research has examined the impact of BOP or studied conditions for successfully implementing and evaluating it. During Component A, the proposed study will assess the evaluability of BOP through formative research and pilot testing (Aim 1). Then, the evaluation will use an effectiveness- implementation hybrid design (Hybrid I; Curran et al., 2012) to assess the impact of BOP on neighborhood- level and patron-level rates of SV victimization (Aim 2), assess the impact of BOP on bar staff and environment outcomes and examine how these factors predict patron outcomes (Aim 3), and examine the conditions and characteristics necessary for effective implementation and improved staff and patron outcomes (Aim 4). Administrative data about rates of SV in intervention and comparison communities, repeated surveys of patrons and staff at 15 intervention and 15 comparison bars, semistructured interviews with managers and staff, research team observations, and Our VOICE implementation records will be used to evaluate effectiveness and implementation and to measure costs. The BOP is manualized for dissemination and has shown strong community acceptability. The outcomes of this study are expected to have an important positive impact by expanding the evidence base for SV prevention in the key areas of promoting social norms and creating protective environments and by informing future successful implementation of such programs.