Early Predictors of Cognitive/Language Development

（研究项目-认知/语言发展的早期预测） 项目摘要 该项目旨在确定预测脑磁图的电生理标记（使用脑磁图，MEG） 有智力和发育障碍（IDD）风险的婴幼儿未来的智力能力。本 最后，我们将使用一套MEG范例开发的前IDDRC周期，显示差异 对一般认知和特定语言能力的敏感性。范式侧重于评估小学（纯 音调）通过高阶（词汇访问）听觉皮层活动。用获得的听觉皮层神经元 使用的测量（单独和组合），我们将预测未来的功能状态（认知和语言）。婴儿- 将这些范例的优化版本应用于具有随后智力残疾的遗传风险的婴儿 诊断.因此，我们假设，早期评估高危婴儿的电生理活动不会 仅定量地表明风险的程度，但也将预测和说明减值的性质。给定 大多数智力残疾的临床诊断至少要到学龄期才能做出， 采用纵向设计。首先，婴儿阶段研究婴儿在6，12，然后18个月，试图 预测36个月时的功能状态。同时招募的学前阶段招募3岁的幼儿 年具有相似的遗传诊断（IDD风险），以预测年龄时获得的功能结局评估 6年通过这项研究设计，3岁奥尔兹的中期功能随访最初扫描为6岁，12岁和14岁。 18-月龄婴儿可以更好地解释在6岁的预测结果。通过串行 MEG检查，瞬时（例如，6、12或18个月）评估以及发展轨迹 (6-到12到18个月的间隔变化）询问其预测值。关于创新， 鉴于脑活动的时间和空间分辨率几乎是MEG所独有的，MEG有望大大提高 提高我们对正常和异常婴儿和幼儿大脑发育的理解。特别是，此外， 注意到直接针对一系列初级/次级听觉皮层神经过程的检查的使用， 提供源空间中的脑活动的测量的分析允许对脑活动的集中评估 先验感兴趣的区域与检查全脑活动的复合测量。预计各国 早期反复评估有IDD诊断风险的婴儿的大脑活动， 向父母和照顾者提供信息，并在必要时允许更早地采取有针对性的干预措施。

(RESEARCH PROJECT- EARLY PREDICTORS OF COGNITIVE/LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT) PROJECT SUMMARY This project aims to identify electrophysiological markers (using magnetoencephalography, MEG) that predict future intellectual ability in infants and toddlers at risk for intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). To this end, we will use a suite of MEG paradigms developed in the previous IDDRC cycle that show differential sensitivity to general cognitive and language-specific ability. Paradigms focus on assessment of primary (pure tones) through higher-order (lexical access) auditory cortex activity. With the obtained auditory cortex neural measures used (singly and combined) we will predict future functional status (cognitive and language). Infant- optimized versions of these paradigms are applied to infants at genetic risk of a subsequent intellectual disability diagnosis. Hence, we hypothesize that early assessment of electrophysiological activity in at-risk infants will not only quantitatively indicate the degree of risk but will also predict and specify the nature of impairment. Given that most clinical diagnoses of intellectual disability are not made until at least school-age years, an accelerated longitudinal design is invoked. First, an Infant phase studies babies at 6, 12 and then 18 months in an attempt to predict functional status at 36 months. A simultaneously recruited Preschool phase recruits toddlers at age 3 years with similar genetic diagnoses (at-risk for IDD) to predict functional outcome assessment obtained at age 6 years. Via this research design, the interim functional follow-up of 3 year olds initially scanned as 6, 12 and 18-month infants can be better interpreted with respect to prediction of outcome at age 6 years. Through serial MEG examination, instantaneous (e.g., 6, 12 or 18 months) assessments as well as developmental trajectories (6- to 12- to 18-month interval change) are interrogated for their predictive value. With respect to innovation, given the temporal and spatial resolution of brain activity that is almost unique to MEG, MEG is poised to greatly enhance our understanding of normal and abnormal infant and toddler brain development. Specially, in addition to noted use of exams that directly target a range of primary/secondary auditory cortex neural processes, analyses that provide measures of brain activity in source space allow for focused assessment of activity at brain regions of a priori interest versus examining a composite measure of whole-brain activity. It is anticipated that early repeated assessment of brain activity of infants at risk for an IDD diagnosis will provide actionable information to parents and caregivers and, where needed, allow earlier tailored interventions.