Defining microtubule cytoskeleton regulatory pathways in development and disease

标题：定义微管细胞骨架调控途径在发展和疾病 P.I.卡桑德拉·奥里-麦肯尼 项目摘要： 细胞结构由细胞骨架网络的组织控制，并决定细胞的功能。 一个cell的输出。因此，了解细胞骨架组织的调节机制是至关重要的 因为改变这些过程会破坏细胞的生长、变化或维持其内部结构， 细胞功能，并最终导致病理条件。DYRK 1a激酶信号通路与 智力障碍、神经退行性疾病和癌症。DYRK 1a在一个 然而，这种激酶的下游分子机制在很大程度上 未知我们发表的和初步的数据表明，DYRK 1a调节微管 细胞骨架直接通过磷酸化β-微管蛋白，间接通过磷酸化多个 微管相关蛋白（MAPs）。我们已经发现这些MAPs表现出不同的结合行为， 微管晶格和差异影响微管马达，突出了MAPs的重要作用， 进入晶格的门控这个项目的目标是解剖微管的多层次调节- 通过研究三种激酶，八种MAP， 和五个马达在体内和体外。我们希望建立一个全面的网络， 疾病相关激酶在不同细胞周期中调节微管细胞骨架的多种方式， 过程，从神经元极化到特定树突形态的建立， 神经元结构的维持。为了实现这些目标，我们将采用跨学科的方法 将体内和离体成像技术与体外生物化学测定相结合。我们将利用树突状细胞 树突状神经元的果蝇周围神经系统研究神经元形态发生，树突状 修剪和极化运输，结合哺乳动物神经元细胞培养和扩增显微镜， 分析各种条件下的MAP定位模式，并确定MAP如何差异化地引导 分子发动机，以确保适当的目标货物的具体车厢。为了在体内补充这些 实验中，我们计划使用TIRF显微镜用纯化的MAP进行体外重建实验， 微管马达和激酶，以阐明它们对MAP结合的个体和集体作用， 微管动力学和基于微管的运输。我们奋进全面剖析激酶-MAP 在蛋白质水平和细胞水平的网络，以了解这些途径如何有助于 人类病理学的多样性。

Title: Defining microtubule cytoskeleton regulatory pathways in development and disease P.I. Kassandra Ori-McKenney Project Summary: Cellular architecture is governed by the organization of cytoskeletal networks and determines the functional output of a cell. It is therefore essential to understand the regulatory mechanisms of cytoskeleton organization as a cell develops, changes, or maintains its internal structure, because altering these processes can disrupt cell function and ultimately lead to pathological conditions. The DYRK1a kinase signaling pathway is implicated in intellectual disability disorders, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. DYRK1a has important roles in a range of cellular processes; however, the downstream molecular mechanisms of this kinase are largely unknown. Our published and preliminary data have shown that DYRK1a regulates the microtubule cytoskeleton directly by phosphorylating β-tubulin, and indirectly through phosphorylation of multiple microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). We have found that these MAPs exhibit diverse binding behaviors on the microtubule lattice and differentially affect microtubule motors, highlighting an essential role for MAPs in gating access to the lattice. The goal of this project is to dissect the multiple layers of regulation of microtubule- based processes by studying the biochemical and genetic relationships between three kinases, eight MAPs, and five motors both in vivo and in vitro. We aspire to construct a comprehensive network to elucidate the multiple ways in which disease-relevant kinases modulate the microtubule cytoskeleton during different cellular processes, from neuronal polarization to the establishment of specific dendritic morphologies to the maintenance of neuronal architecture. To accomplish these goals, we will use an interdisciplinary approach combining in vivo and ex vivo imaging techniques with in vitro biochemical assays. We will utilize the dendritic arborization neurons of the Drosophila peripheral nervous system to study neuronal morphogenesis, dendritic pruning, and polarized transport, combined with mammalian neuronal cell culture and expansion microscopy to analyze MAP localization patterns under various conditions and determine how MAPs differentially direct molecular motors to ensure proper targeting of cargoes to specific compartments. To complement these in vivo experiments, we plan to perform in vitro reconstitution experiments using TIRF microscopy with purified MAPs, microtubule motors, and kinases in order to elucidate their individual and collective effects on MAP binding, microtubule dynamics and microtubule-based transport. We endeavor to comprehensively dissect kinase-MAP networks at the protein level and at the cellular level in order to understand how these pathways contribute to a diversity of human pathologies.