Accelerated introgression of host plant resistance to carrot fly into elite carrot varieties

本项目的目的是加速抗胡萝卜蝇基因向胡萝卜优良品种的渐渗。在食用作物中发展有效和持久形式的宿主植物抗性是提高作物生产力、满足关于农药使用的新的和现有的欧盟法规以及减少英国作物生产对环境的影响的关键方法，更广泛地通过减少农药残留，减少生产和使用杀虫剂的能源消耗，减少因虫害造成的农田前废物。胡萝卜是一种主要的蔬菜作物，在英国几乎可以自给自足，这是一个健康的饮食组成部分，虽然有一些用途。目前，胡萝卜蝇是用广谱拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂来控制的，尽管其残留对人类健康的风险很小，但拟除虫菊酯对广泛的非目标物种，包括蜜蜂等益虫和害虫捕食者都是有毒的。沃里克HRI的研究结果已经证明了对胡萝卜蝇的多基因部分抗性，这已经被纳入了少数商业品种。然而，这种抗性不足以为减少农药的使用做出重大贡献。该项目的总体目标是通过提高作物质量，减少作物浪费和农药对环境的不利影响来改善胡萝卜质量。宿主植物抗性是减少农药使用而不增加其他环境成本的最佳方式（例如通过物理屏障，机械方法）。减少田间浪费可以提高单位投入的产量。研究和育种新方法的调查应该更好地了解胡萝卜蝇和作物之间的关系，并应该加快宿主植物抗性向优良品系的渐渗速度。

The aim of this project is to accelerate introgression of resistance to carrot fly into elite carrot varieties. The development of effective and durable forms of host plant resistance in edible crops is a key method of enhancing crop productivity, meeting new and existing EU regulations with regard to pesticide use and reducing the environmental impact of crop production in the UK and more widely through a reduction in pesticide residues, a reduction in energy use to manufacture and apply pesticides and a reduction in pre-farmgate waste as a result of pest damage. Carrot is a staple vegetable crop in which the UK can be virtually self-sufficient and which is a component of a healthy diet though a number of uses. At present carrot fly is controlled with broad spectrum pyrethroid insecticides and although there is little risk to human health through residues, pyrethroids are toxic to a wide range of non-target species including beneficial insects such as bees and pest predators. There is already evidence of polygenic partial resistance to carrot fly, the result of research at Warwick HRI, and this has been incorporated into a small number of commercial varieties. However, this resistance is insufficient to make a major contribution to a reduction in pesticide use at present.The overall goal of this project is to improve carrot quality by increasing crop quality, reducing crop waste and the adverse impacts of pesticides on the environment.Host plant resistance is the best way of reducing pesticide usage without increasing other environmental costs (e.g. through physical barriers, mechanical methods). Reduces in field waste get better yield per unit input.The investigation of new approaches in research and breeding should give a better picture of the relationship between the carrot fly and the crop and should increase the speed of introgression of host plant resistance into elite lines.