Development of a novel gel bait for the control of mosquitoes in urban environments

项目摘要 美国蚊媒疾病暴发呈上升趋势(从2004年的4,858起增加到2016年的47,461起，CDC： 国家应呈报疾病监测系统)。人感染登革热病毒病例增多， 西尼罗河病毒和基孔肯雅病毒在城市人口中的作用表明，扩大城市化在 促进传播疾病的蚊子的生产。我们的提案旨在发展一部小说 以信号化学为基础的血液替代品凝胶诱饵，以改进对各种 我国城市社区的蚊子种类。诱饵已成为防治天敌的首选方法。 许多城市害虫由于其经济成本，易于部署和优越的药效，再加上 对公共健康、环境和非目标物种的影响最小。尽管如此，诱饵技术瞄准 蚊子缺乏，因为它们独特的取食行为使得使用典型的固体诱饵变得困难。即使是那些 针对成年蚊子的高度调查的诱人有毒糖饵(ATSB)未能产生 有效的商业产品。这项SBIR项目建议开发一种血液代用品凝胶诱饵 将利用蚊子的血液和食糖行为，而不仅仅是食糖行为，如 放在ATSB诱饵里。具体地说，我们假设一种基于血液和糖餐的诱饵矩阵 成分与引诱剂、吞噬刺激剂和杀虫剂相结合，可以有效地克服许多 目前化学控制方法的缺陷导致了一种可以使用的有效的商业产品 在城市环境中控制蚊子。我们的研究小组最近报告了一种血液替代品的原型 含有引诱剂、吞噬刺激剂和杀虫剂的凝胶诱饵的效果优于市面上唯一可用的 蚊子ATSB产品在头对头蚊子吸引和死亡率方面的比较。因此，我们 预测通过加入远程引诱剂和药物来靶向蚊子的觅血行为 胶饵配方中的低风险杀虫剂在减少蚊子数量方面将非常成功 城市环境。我们提出了三个具体目标来测试这种方法在蚊子方面的技术可行性 控制力。在目标1中，我们将确定添加长距离引诱剂是否会进一步增加蚊子数量。 对凝胶诱饵的吸引力。在目标2中，我们将评估作为降低风险的硼酸和多杀菌素的性能。 用杀虫剂诱杀三种不同种类的蚊子。在目标3中，我们将测试原型诱饵的效果 含有新鉴定的引诱剂和杀虫剂(来自目标1和目标2)进行半田间试验，并测定 胶饵的环境稳定性，可获得室内和室外的本品野外生活。我们的工作成果 将建立在Apex诱饵技术公司最近积累的关于寄主引诱剂和血液的研究基础上 吞噬刺激剂以及十年来在研究、开发和商业化方面的经验 城市害虫的诱饵技术。

Project Summary Mosquito-vectored disease outbreaks are on the rise in the USA (4,858 in 2004 to 47,461 in 2016, CDC: National notifiable disease surveillance system). The increased incidents of the human cases of dengue virus, West Nile virus, and chikungunya virus among urban populations indicate the role of expanding urbanization in facilitating the production of disease-transmitting mosquitoes. Our proposal aims to develop a novel semiochemical-based, blood-substitute gel bait to improve monitoring and control strategies for a variety of mosquito species in our nation's urban communities. Bait has become the preferred method of control against many urban insect pests due to its economic cost, ease of deployment, and superior efficacy coupled with minimal impact on public health, environment, and non-target species. Despite this, bait technologies targeting mosquitoes are lacking, as their unique feeding behavior makes the use of typical solid baits difficult. Even the highly investigated attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) targeting adult mosquitoes have failed to yield an effective commercial product. This SBIR project proposes the development of a blood substitute gel bait that will exploit both the blood and sugar-feeding behavior of mosquitoes instead of only sugar feeding behavior as in ATSB baits. Specifically, we hypothesize that a bait matrix based on a combination of blood and sugar meal components, combined with attractants, phagostimulants, and insecticides could effectively overcome many of the pitfalls of current chemical control methods and result in an effective commercial product that can be used in the urban setting for mosquito control. Our research team recently reported that a prototype blood-substitute gel bait containing attractants, phagostimulants, and insecticides outperforms the only commercially available mosquito ATSB product in head-to-head mosquito attraction and mortality comparisons. Accordingly, we predict that targeting the blood-feeding behavior of mosquitos by incorporating long-distance attractants and reduced risk insecticide in gel bait formulations would be highly successful in reducing mosquito populations in urban settings. We propose three specific aims to test the technical feasibility of this approach for mosquito control. In aim 1, we will determine if the addition of long-distance attractants can further increase mosquito attraction to the gel bait. In aim 2, we will evaluate the performance of boric acid and spinosad as reduced risk bait insecticides against three different species of mosquito. In aim 3, we will test the efficacy of prototype bait containing newly identified attractants and insecticide (from aim 1 and 2) in semi-field test and determine the environmental stability of gel bait to access indoor and outdoor field life of this product. The results of our work will build on Apex Bait Technologies' recent accumulated research on host attractants and blood phagostimulants as well as on decade-long experience in research, development, and commercialization of bait technologies for urban pests.