Communicating Cancer Risk of Alcohol: Impact of Narrative Pictorial Warning Labels

项目摘要 饮酒是导致癌症的一个主要的可改变的危险因素，与吸烟和身体过度有关。 重量。然而，在美国，人们对酒精与癌症风险之间的联系知之甚少。 对烟草标签的研究表明，放置图画警告标签(PWL)可以改善消费者 增强风险意识，减少消费。这些结果表明，使用类似的方法 对含酒精产品的宣传将提高人们对风险的认识，减少酒精消费。 然而，一个悬而未决的问题是，此类警告中使用的典型图形或令人震惊的图像可能会导致 回避和抵触，这会降低信息的有效性和公众对图片警告的支持。 一个潜在的解决方案是设计以癌症等人为重点的叙事内容为特色的pwls 患者在医疗环境中，捕捉注意力并抵消电抗。拟议的项目旨在 开发和评估叙述性信息对视觉注意力、信息可及性、风险的影响 减少和停止饮酒的观念和意图。为了实现这些目标，拟议的项目 将包括两个阶段：(1)以叙事和传统的非叙事格式开发酒精广告 使用现有的研究和焦点小组方法；以及(2)实验测试叙事的效果 对比使用客观注意力测量(眼球跟踪)的成年饮酒者中的非叙述性皱眉 以及反应性、风险感知和意图的自我报告测量。这种方法是创新的 因为我们将明确测试视觉叙事警告对注意力和信息可及性的影响， 并且通过使用眼球跟踪来提供对注意力的客观和直接的测量。有了这些 方法，本研究将为理解视觉叙事的机制奠定基础 警告传达健康风险，并促进行为改变。这一早期项目的结果 还将为有效警告标签的受控试验提供基础，旨在增加公众 提高对风险的认识，减少美国的总体酒精消费。

Project Summary Alcohol consumption is a major modifiable risk factor for cancer, along with tobacco use and excess body weight. However, knowledge about the link between alcohol and cancer risk is poor in the United States. Research on tobacco labels has shown that placing pictorial warning labels (PWLs) improves consumer awareness of risks and decreases consumption. These results suggest that a similar approach to using PWLs on alcohol-containing products would raise awareness of risks and decrease alcohol consumption. Yet, one standing issue is that the typical graphic or shocking images used in such warnings can cause avoidance and reactance, which can lower message effectiveness and public support for pictorial warnings. A potential solution is to design PWLs that feature narrative content focused on people, such as cancer patients in medical settings, to capture attention and counteract reactance. The proposed project aims to develop and evaluate the impact of narrative PWLs on visual attention, message reactance, risk perceptions, and intentions to reduce and stop drinking. To accomplish these aims, the proposed project will include two phases: (1) Developing alcohol PWLs in narrative and conventional, non-narrative formats using existing research and focus group methods; and (2) Experimentally testing the effect of narrative versus non-narrative PWLs among adult alcohol users using objective measures of attention (eye tracking) and self-report measures of reactance, risk perceptions, and intentions. The approach is innovative because we will explicitly test the impact of visual narrative warnings on attention and message reactance, and provide an objective and direct measurement of attention by using eye tracking. With these approaches, this study will lay the groundwork for understanding the mechanisms by which visual narrative warnings communicate health risks and promote behavioral change. Findings of this early-stage project will also provide the foundation for a controlled trial of effective warning labels designed to increase public awareness of risks and decrease the overall alcohol consumption in the United States.